Subjective
"_____________Is whatever the experiencing patient says it is, existing whenever they say it does"
What is Pain. Pain is very subjective.
Conversion of stimulus into electrical energy
What is transduction
Lasts longer than 6 months and may be constant or recurrent
What is chronic pain
Nurses' role in pain management is ...
What is advocate and educator
Use of relaxation, guided imagery, biofeedback, distraction, music, TENS, and acupuncture
What are nonpharmacological pain relief interventions
_______ is the opposite of pain and is the goal of pain treatment
What is comfort
Sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor)
What is transmission
Chronic pain without an identifiable physical or psychological cause
What is idiopathic pain
One of the most researched nursing concepts
What is pain. Nurses know that pain affects every aspect of a client's life. Pain is the number one reason patients seek help.
____________ may be used to treat mild pain
What are:Nonopiods such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and NSAIDs (ibuprofen and aspirin)
Physiological Factors, Social Factors, Spiritual Factors, Psychological Factors, and Cultural Factors
What are: Factors influencing pain and comfort
The point where the patient experiences pain
What is perception. Stimulus received in the brain.
Is protective, identifiable, short duration with usually limited emotional response
What is acute pain
Pain assessment and management needs to be systematic and is best done by using
What is pain scales for assessment and ongoing reassessment
__________ are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain.
What are opioids such as morphine, dilaudid, fentanyl. They are associated with respiratory depression and SE include N/V, urinary retention, constipation and altered mental processes.
These vital signs can be an indicator of a patient's pain level when having this type of pain
What is "acute pain" however, VS are not a reliable indicator of chronic pain.
Inhibition of pain/release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
What is Modulation. Once perceived by the brain, inhibitory neurotransmitters are released.
Pain that manifests itself in an area other than the site of origin such as MI pain
What is referred pain
Pain is best described ___________
What is: in the patient's own words. Gather as much information as you can including: characteristics (onset, duration, location, intensity, quality, pattern, relief measures, contributing symptoms, and effects of pain on the patient).
Misconceptions about pain management are common especially by the elderly and include:
What is: Medication will be given routinely without asking. Pain medication will cause addiction. Pain is a normal part of aging and hospitalization. Pain is better than the SE of the med. It is better to wait until pain is really bad. Verbalizing pain can be perceived as a weakness. The nurse is too busy for me to bother by asking for pain medication.
Pain is well understood by health care providers and patients. Therefore, patients are never undertreated for pain. T/F
What is False. Providers have personal bias. Many myths held by providers and patients that inhibit effective pain management. We can do better!
Popular pain theory that believes closing the gate is the basis for pain relief interventions
What is Gate-control theory. Pain has emotional and cognitive components, in addition to physicial sensation. The CNS has gating mechanisms that regulate or block pain impusles.
Severe pain that persists despite multiple treatment attempts and may require hospitalization
What is intractable pain
When pain is untreated or undertreated. This may lead to?
What is depression. Also, anxiety, insomnia, hopelessness, fear, impaired social interaction, impaired mobility, fatigue, spiritual distress and powerlessness.
PCA stands for
What is patient controlled analgesia. Used for acute pain many times post op. Instruct the patient and family that the patient should be the only one pushing the button!