key players
what is a carcinogen
alters DNA and makes cells cancerous
what is the product of transcription
immature mRNA
a codon is mRNAs grouped into __?
triplets
covid vaccines are made from?
mRNA
DNA code is read from...
3' to 5'
what molecule has a specific structure that do all the jobs cells need to function?
proteins
what is removed during splicing?
introns
what is the second step of translation?
elongation
what are the two types of transcription factors
activator proteins & repressor proteins
what is the default gene state
off
what does primase do
when RNA is being transcribed, which direction is the TEMPLATE DNA strand running?
3' to 5'
what is the amino acid chain created from the following mRNA sequence>
5' ACA GUA AUG GCA GGA ACC UAG UCU UAA
Met-Arg-Gly-Thr
what condenses/opens up Chromatin
condenses: DNA methylation
opens: Histone acetylation
what are the different stages in interphase
G1, S, G2
what is an oncogene
causes cells to divide excessively
what enzymes reads the DNA template and synthesizes an RNA strand?
RNA polymerase
what is the small and large subunit on a ribosome
small: holds mRNA in place as translation occurs
large: where amino acids are joined
If i was a doctor and had a patient with a debilitating genetic disease, what could a treatment option be
where does translation occur?
ribosome in cytoplasm
what holds 2 DNA strands together?
hydrogen bonds
what is the complementary mRNA strand if this was our DNA template sequence:
3' TCTAGATCCAA 5'
5' AGAUCUAGGUU 3'
what are on both ends of a tRNA
1 end has amino acid attachment site
1 end has anti codon loop (pairs w/ mRNA)
what is PCR used for in the real world
forensic crime
If i added 1 singular extra DNA base, what kind of mutation would that be
reading frame mutation- insertion