Applied to intact skin for 12 out of every 24 hours, this treatment has proven effectiveness for acute low back pain, post-herpetic pain and myofascial pain syndrome.
What is Lidoderm or Lidopatch?
100
Options for the management of diarrhea include treatment of any underlying cause, hydration, dietary changes, bismuth compounds, loperamide, antibiotics and this over-the-counter option.
What are probiotics?
100
For this problem, all the following may be acceptable treatments: bronchodilators, anticholinergics, steroids, opiates, expectorants, benzonatate, dextromethorphan, anti-histamines, anesthetic nebs and honey.
What is a cough?
100
An acute change in mental status that can be reversible with both hyperactive and hypoactive states associated with disturbances of memory, concentration/attention and perception.
What is delirium?
100
This is based on the patient's ability to do all the following:
understand potential risks and benefits,
appreciate severity of condition,
use reasoning/logic,
express their wishes,
be consistent with their values, especially over time.
What is decision-making capacity?
200
A short-acting opiate with less histamine release that is an excellent choice in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction but can cause chest rigidity.
What is fentanyl?
200
This acute adverse effect occurs in 10-30% of patients who receive a single dose of a dopamine antagonist IV push but <10% if the same med is given over 15 minutes.
What is akathisia?
200
If possible, the site of active bleeding should be dependent in this situation.
What is hemoptysis?
200
Drugs indicated in management of agitation as sole agent when the delirium is due to drug/alcohol withdrawal or anticholinergic excess states.
What are benzodiazepines?
200
The common reasons they come to the ED are inability to cope, uncontrolled symptoms, malfunction of a device/tube, trauma or lack of timely support of care team.
What are hospice patients?
300
An oral pain medication that lowers seizure threshold, blocks reuptake of serotonin which can cause serotonin syndrome and may be associated with a withdrawal syndrome.
What is tramadol?
300
According to the World Gastroenterology Organization, this is the treatment for constipation in the elderly after adjusting diet and lifestyle.
What are stimulant laxatives like senna and bisacodyl?
300
After consent, the key steps before this procedure are:
Shut monitors off.
Suction/dry secretions.
IV opiates and consider sedation.
Support the family.
What is terminal extubation?
300
One of two options for an antipsychotic used in agitation that is formulated to be given by oral liquid or wafer.
What are olanzapine (Zyprexa) or risperidone (Risperidol)?
300
Commonly quoted predictors of this are:
Metastatic cancer, impaired renal function, dependency on ADL's, altered mental status, hypotension on admission and elderly.
What is failure to survive in-hospital cardiac arrest or CPR?
400
An adjuvant to management of skeletal pain that has the following relative contraindications:
Hepatic impairment
Arrhythmias and heart blocks
BPH and glaucoma
MAO inhibitors
What are non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)?
400
The main inputs to this are dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin via pathways from
cortex, vestibular system, GI tract or chemoreceptor trigger zone.
What is the vomit center?
400
Usually a better choice than benzodiazepines for the management of dyspnea at the end of life in addition to consideration of treatment of underlying cause, a bedside fan, oxygen and steroids.
What are opioids?
400
One of two antipsychotics to use in the acute setting of agitation in a patient with severe liver disease who is not on hospice.
What are aripiprazole (Abilify) or ziprasidone (Geodon)?
400
A condition created by health care providers' fears and misunderstanding that manifests by the patient:
requesting drugs by name,
taking others' opiates,
hoarding meds and
expressing concern about future use of street drugs.
What is pseudo-addiction?
500
A condition that is often missed and has the following signs and symptoms:
Hyperalgesia
Allodynia
Diffuse spread of previously localized pain
Myoclonus
And can be associated with worsening renal function.
What is opiate toxicity or opiate-induced hyperalgesia?
500
For opiate-induced nausea/vomiting, providers should treat any constipation, switch opiates and based on mechanism, use one of these two classes of anti-emetics.
What are either dopamine antagonists or antihistamines?
500
For palliative patients who are hypoventilating, unresponsive but not actively dying, the dose is: mix 1 ml (0.4 mg) of this drug with 9 ml of saline and give 1 ml (0.04 mg) per minute until patient more responsive.
What is naloxone?
500
One of three atypical antipsychotics to medicate acute delirium in the setting of significant renal insufficiency.
What are olanzapine, aripiprazole or quetiapine?
500
These medications are used to treat vomiting, anorexia, itching, hiccups, cancer-associated dyspnea, brain/spinal mets and pain including bone pain.