ur anatomy and physiology :o
This hormone from the duodenum stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion to neutralize stomach acid.
What is secretin?
Overdose of acetaminophen can lead to this severe adverse drug reaction.
What is hepatotoxicity?
A patient with severe pancreatitis develops bruising around the umbilicus. This eponym, the "Cullen sign," indicates this severe underlying complication.
What is retroperitoneal hemorrhage (from severe necrotizing disease)?
A 58-year-old patient presents with severe epigastric pain, fever, and jaundice. Labs reveal a lipase level 5x the upper limit of normal, elevated conjugated bilirubin, and significant leukocytosis. An ultrasound confirms gallstones and a dilated common bile duct.
What kind of diagnosis is this gallstone pancreatitis?
What is the triad that is presented in this case?
What sort of procedure is indicated for this specific patient?
What is acute pancreatitis
What is charcot’s triad of fever, jaundice and abdominal pain relating to cholangitis
What is ERCP and not MRCP?
Secreted by G cells in the stomach, this hormone stimulates gastric acid secretion.
What is gastrin?
This potent opioid analgesic is the active metabolite of hydrocodone, formed via the CYP2D6 enzyme.
What is hydromorphone?
A patient with chronic pancreatitis presents with steatorrhea. This is a direct result of exocrine insufficiency, specifically a deficiency in this enzyme responsible for fat digestion.
What is pancreatic lipase?
These are the three unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the GI tract.
What are the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)?
This common analgesic works by centrally inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and acts on the hypothalamus to reduce fever.
What is acetaminophen?
DAILY DOUBLEE
According to the diagnostic criteria, a patient with characteristic abdominal pain and a serum lipase level more than 3 times the upper limit of normal has acute pancreatitis, even if this other pancreatic enzyme level is normal.
What is serum amylase?
Most drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, like CYP3A4, are enriched in this specific zone of the liver lobule, near the central vein.
What is the pericentral (or centrilobular) region?
Cytochrome P450 enzymes, located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, mediate this type of metabolism, which includes oxidation and reduction reactions.
What is Phase 1 metabolism?
This combination of three clinical findings—fever, jaundice, and RUQ pain—is known as Charcot’s triad and is the classic presentation for this medical emergency.
What is cholangitis?
This structure, found at the periphery of a liver lobule, contains branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct.
What is a portal triad?
A patient taking hydrocodone for pain reports little to no relief. Genetic testing reveals they are a "poor metabolizer" for this specific enzyme, preventing the drug's conversion to its more potent form.
What is CYP2D6?
For a patient with mild gallstone pancreatitis, this procedure is the standard of care to be performed during the same hospital admission to prevent recurrence.
What is a cholecystectomy?