Apartheid Laws
This political party came to power in 1948 and introduced apartheid.
These documents controlled the movement of Black South Africans.
What are pass books?
This organization led much of the anti-apartheid resistance during the 1950s, embracing a multicultural approach.
What is African National Congress (ANC)?
This ANC leader was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to life imprisonment following the Rivonia Trial in 1964.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
This 1960 event saw police kill 69 protesters demonstrating against pass laws.
What is the Sharpeville Massacre?
This 1950 law classified South Africans into different racial groups.
What is the Population Registration Act?
This term describes the segregation of public facilities such as beaches, buses, and toilets.
What is petty apartheid?
This 1952 campaign encouraged protesters to deliberately break discriminatory laws.
What is the Defiance Campaign?
This organization was founded in 1959 after splitting from the ANC and promoted African nationalism.
What is the PAC?
The government banned these two organizations in 1960.
What are ANC and PAC?
This law required racial groups to live in designated residential areas.
What is the Group Areas Act?
These urban residential areas were designated for non-white South Africans, often outside city centers.
What are townships?
This 1955 document declared that South Africa belonged to all who lived in it and demanded equal rights.
What is the Freedom Charter?
This ANC leader became president of the organization in 1952 and advocated nonviolent resistance.
Who is Albert Luthuli?
This 1956–1961 trial accused 156 anti-apartheid activists of attempting to overthrow the government.
What is the Treason Trial?
These laws required Black South Africans to carry documents restricting where they could live and work.
This Johannesburg neighborhood was destroyed through forced removals beginning in 1955 and replaced by the white suburb of Triomf.
What is Sophiatown?
This organization was established in 1961 to conduct sabotage against government targets.
What is Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)?
This PAC leader organized the anti-pass campaign that culminated in the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960.
Who is Robert Sobukwe?
During this trial, Mandela delivered his famous “I Am Prepared to Die” speech, defending the decision to adopt sabotage as a method of resistance.
What is the Rivonia Trial?
This law created a separate and inferior education system for Black South Africans.
What is the Bantu Education Act?
This system sought to assign Black South Africans to ethnic homelands rather than grant them equal political rights in South Africa.
What is the Bantustan system?
This armed resistance organization was formed by the PAC in 1961 and carried out violent attacks against apartheid rule.
What is Poqo?
This prime minister, who took office in 1958, promoted the policy of separate development.
Who is Hendrik Verwoerd?
In 1957, thousands of Black South Africans walked miles to work rather than accept increased bus fares.
What is Alexandra Bus Boycott?