Classification & Ecology
What is the lowest rank in the taxonomic hierarchy?
What is species?
Name a chemical used to test for starch.
What is iodine solution?
In a food chain, what do the arrows represent?
What is the flow of energy?
What is function of the cell wall?
The cell wall provides structural support and protection, and helps maintain the shape of the cell.
What happens to the rib cage when the diaphragm contracts?
It moves up and out to allow air into the lungs.
Give an example of a biotic factor and a physical (abiotic) factor.
What are plants (biotic) and sunlight (physical)?
State two foods rich in starch besides potato and cassava.
What are bread and rice?
Who is the primary consumer in a chain: grass → insect → frog → snake?
What is the insect?
What is one function of the mitochondria?
What is producing energy (ATP) through respiration?
What is the function of the diaphragm?
It helps change air pressure in the chest to cause inhalation and exhalation.
Differentiate between a food chain and a food web.
A food chain shows one path of energy flow, a food web shows many interconnected food chains.
What type of nutrition involves feeding on dead or decaying matter?
What is saprophytic nutrition?
This is a possible food chain starting with a sunflower and ending with a hawk. Name the full sequence of organisms in order from producer to top consumer.
What is sunflower → aphid → spider → lizard → hawk?
Why might a specimen have more mitochondria than another?
It may require more energy for movement or activity.
How does oxygen move from the lungs to the cells?
It diffuses into the bloodstream and is carried by red blood cells to the tissues.
Define the term “species.”
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Name two diseases caused by overeating and lack of exercise.
What are obesity and type 2 diabetes?
Name two organisms that help decompose a dead frog.
What are bacteria and fungi?
Give two examples of specialized cells and their functions.
Muscle cells (movement), red blood cells (carry oxygen).
Why is respiration important for mammals?
It releases energy needed for cellular functions.
Q: What is the difference between a community and a population?
A population is one species in an area; a community is all the living organisms in that area.
Explain one way the digestive system is adapted for mechanical digestion.
Teeth break down food into smaller pieces for easier chemical digestion.
Why are there usually fewer top predators, like garden snakes, than primary or secondary consumers in a food chain?
because energy is lost at each trophic level, so less energy is available to support fewer organisms at the top of the food chain
Why is cell specialization important?
It allows cells to perform specific functions efficiently.
Why don’t plants need to breathe like animals?
They absorb gases directly through stomata; they don’t need lungs.