Grading Scale and Outline
AO2 on paper 3 question 2, Write effectively, creatively, accurately and appropriately, for a range of audiences and purposes is worth how many marks?
5 marks
Explaining "modern" English on paper 3 question 1. If a student is relating to modern English as in "today's" English, which wording must they use?
Present Day English
Is this text, Text A, prescriptive or descriptive for its time?
The true answer is that it is prescriptive as it is a newspaper, however, there are descriptive tendencies in a more modernized approach with things such as "a bit of" and "we dare say" and more. In short, it's both :)
This theorist is the founder of the functional theory and that language changes due to the need of its users (we would use him on the Ngram).
Michael Halliday
The word count for Paper 3 Question 1
600 to 1000, the middle would be 800 to 850
AO4 demonstrate understanding of linguists or AO5 Analyze and synthesize language (analysis). Which one is worth more marks, for paper 3 question 1, language change?
AO5, the analysis section is worth more for this section. It is worth 15 marks for question 1.
The end of the Great Vowel shift is most often said to be around
1700 AD
The Paper 3 Q1 provided. What time period (Old English etc) is this text?
Late Modern English. After 1800 AD
Theorist who is a sympathetic descriptivist and believes that language does not decay, merely that it evolves. Her theory of Crumbling Castle (language should be preserved, it does not decay)
Jean Aitchison
Students will have how long to complete paper 3 question 1 for the ENTIRE REAL timed exam?
2 hours and 15 minutes
Students MUST address how many texts from Paper 3, Question 1? (Failure to not address ALL of them will result in low marks)
Three texts. Texts A, B, and C
Though it is largely argued the EXACT end date of the Industrial Revolution, around this time seems to be a pretty good estimate
Started in 1760
Ended around 1850ish
Name a theorist that would apply to Text A.
Possibilities: Trudgill, there is some overt prestige shown here. The writer does seem educated in some manner. Aitchison as well could apply. Halliday CAN apply, however, if going this route Random Fluctuation Theory or someone else will HAVE to be used for Ngram.
Ideas of overt and covert prestige. Social classes affect how someone speaks. Overt prestige more high class, covert prestige more low class. Overt prestige has status etc.
Language that follows the "golden" rules and grammar rules is called______
Language that does NOT follow grammar rules or follow a set path is called________
Prescriptivism/prescriptivist
Descriptivism/Descriptivist
Approximately how many theorists SHOULD students be addressing for paper 3 question 1, language change, to try to get the most marks possible?
NO less than two theorists/theories but as much as three (would like to see three but you can expand on two). Students must also elaborate and explain appropriately as well.
Why was the Industrial Revolution such an important part of language change?
New machines were being created which condensed and changed the way items were printed etc
Explain in own words how "satisfactory" is used in the text from 1904. Take a look at text B, collocation cart. We can see how it is used in middle, Early Modern, and 2021 late modern.
A hardcore Prescriptivist that believes that language decays over time.
Guy Deutscher
Name the stages of English from earliest to latest, starting with Old English.
Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, Late Modern English
Without looking, explain the order of the paper 3, Question 1 outline that students should be following (in some manner). You may explain in your own words but the answer must still be correct.
A short intro is given in which students IDENTIFY first, however, they must move on to the language changes in text A, with a theorist. Text B, the collocation chart comes next explaining how it relates to A and the changes within. Text C is the Ngram in which the changes and the dominant word are explained. Finally, a short conclusion is written.
The Black Plague (ended 1350s) and the Great Plague of London (ended around 1660s) cause many people to leave _______. Language change definitely occurred during this time due to _______.
Cities
Isolation or movement away from people. Being alone
Explain in Text C, why "it's only" became the dominant wording over "'tis but". Pay attention to historical events...
Looking at the chart we see that "it's only" was not on the rise until around the end of the industrial revolution. It stayed steady while "tis but" continued to decline, eventually become obsolete after around 1980. Interestingly, it's only spiked and greatly increased around 1960 (Vietnam War, slang came about).
Theory founded by Charles Hockett in which random errors and events occur within the language system. Language develops and changes more randomly.
Random Fluctuation Theory
The symbol found quite often on Paper 3 question 1, text A is called the...
Long S OR the f symbol that looks like an S