Class of Drug
Naloxone (Narcan)
Antidote
Oxygen
Increases the amount of oxygen available to the body's tissues and saturation in the blood, preventing tissue damage from lack of oxygen.
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Indications: Angina, Suspected MI
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Bleeding Disorders, Active Gastric Ulcers, Hemorrhagic Stroke
Albuterol (Proventil)
Adults: 2.5-5mg (NEB) diluted in 2.5mL of normal saline. May repeat after 20-30 mins for a max total of 3 doses/hr.
Peds: 1.25-2.5mg (NEB) diluted in 2.5mL of normal saline. May repeat after 20-30 mins for a max total of 3 doses/hr.
Thiamine (Betaxin)
Dizziness, Nausea & Vomiting, Tissue Irritation, Hypotension, Fluid Overload, Allergic Reaction
Oral Glucose
Carbohydrate
Racemic Epinephrine (Microfrin)
Alpha and Beta adrenergic receptor stimulant in the respiratory tract leading to bronchodilation, increased airway patency, and vasoconstriction.
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Indications: Nausea & Vomiting
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, GI Obstruction
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Adults: 0.5-2mg (IV/IO/IM) slow bolus followed by NS flush if given IV/IO.
Pediatric: 0.2-1mg/kg (IV/IO/IM) slow bolus followed by NS flush if given IV/IO.
Dextrose
Hyperglycemia, Fluid Overload, Electrolyte Imbalance, Tissue Necrosis, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Allergic Reaction
Antihistimine
Nitrous Oxide (Nitronox)
Acts as a potent NMDA receptor antagonist and enhances the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA. This leads to the suppression of pain signals, sedation, a euphoric effect.
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Indications: Asthma or COPD Exacerbation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Systemic Fungal Infection
Morphine Sulfate
Adult: 2-5mg (IV/IO) slow bolus followed by NS flush. May repeat after 5-15 mins. Max total 15mg.
Pediatric: 0.1-0.2mg/kg (IV/IO) slow bolus followed by NS flush. May repeat after 5-15 mins. Max total 10mg.
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Dizziness, Nausea & Vomiting, Anxiety, Blurred Vision, Termors, Tachycardia, Arrythmias
Ketorolac (Toradol)
NSAID, Analgesic
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Stimulates glycogenolysis, increasing blood glucose rapidly. Also relaxes smooth muscle in the GI tract, primarily in the esophagus.
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Indications: Cerebral Edema, Asthma Exacerbation, Croup, Anaphylaxis
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, GI Bleeding, Active Infection, Systemic Fungal Infection
Fentanyl (Sublimize)
Adult: 0.5-2mcg/kg (IV/IO). Max 100mcg. Slow bolus followed by NS flush. May repeat after 5-10 mins. Max total 300mcg.
Pediatric: 0.5-1mcg/kg (IV/IO) Max 100mcg. Slow bolus followed by NS flush. May repeat after 5-10 mins. Max total 3mcg/kg.
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Headache, Anxiety, Tremors, Hypokalemia, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Palpitations
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Antiemetic, Antihistimine, Phenothiazine
Magnesium Sulfate
Acts as a physiological calcium antagonist leading to smooth muscle relaxation and stabilization of neuronal membranes which also reduces the risk of seizures. For severe asthma exacerbation it relaxes the bronchiole smooth muscles resulting in bronchodilation. Additionally in arrythmias, Magnesium regulates certain ion channels helping restore normal heart rhythms.
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Indications: Angina, Hypertension, Pulmonary Edema, Acute Coronary Syndrome
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Hypotension, Hypovolemia, Intercranial Bleeding, ED Drugs (last 24-72 hrs) Right Ventricular MI
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Adults:
Cardiac Arrest: 1mg (IV/IO/ET) 1:10,000 bolus followed by NS flush if given IV/IO. May repeat after 3-5 mins.
Anaphylaxis/Asthma: 0.3-0.5mg (IM) 1:1,000. May repeat after 5-15 mins.
Severe Hypotension: 2-10mcgs/mins (IV/IO) 1:10,000 drip diluted in NS titrated to patient response.
Peds:
Cardiac Arrest: 0.01-0.1mg/kg (IV/IO/ET) 1:10,000 bolus followed by NS flush if given IV/IO. May repeat after 3-5 mins.
Anaphylaxis/Asthma: 0.01mg/kg (IM) 1:1,000. Max of 0.3mg. May repeat after 5-15 mins.
Meperidine (Demerol)
Dizziness, Constipation, Nausea & Vomiting, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Seizures, Respiratory Depression, Overdose