As & Ps
The part of the upper airway where the gag reflex is most profound
What is the hypopharynx
Three types of lung receptors.
What are irritant, stretch and J receptors
Sputum type that is associated with CHF
What is pink frothy sputum?
High pitched whistling sounds made by air being forced through narrow airways
What are wheezes?
Airway edema, bronchospasm and increased mucus production.
What are the components of the asthma triad?
These highly vascular ridges are covered with mucus membrane and function to trap particles and warm and humidify incoming air.
What is the nasal conchae or turbinates
This stretch reflex protects against over expansion of the lungs by decreasing ventilatory rate and volume.
What is the Hering-Breuer Reflex
Sputum type that is associated with an infectious process
What is purulent sputum?
Can be fine or coarse and are associated with fluid or secretions in the lung bases.
What are crackles?
Recent travel, surgery, smoking, birth control use, and history of DVT.
What are risk factors for PE?
The glottis is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory tract, this cartilage is it's exterior land mark.
What is the thyroid cartilage
These receptors are located in the respiratory centers of the brain and are sensitive to pH changes do to CO2 changes
What are central chemoreceptors?
Bronchitis and allergic rhinitis patients typically have this sputum type
What is clear or white sputum?
Coarse low pitched breath sounds heard in patients who have mucus in the airways
What are rhonchi?
Orthopnea, pink frothy sputum, S3/S4 gallop, cyanosis and dyspnea.
What are signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure (CHF)?
The lower airway is divided into these two zones.
What are the conducting and respiratory zones?
This may occur in patients with TB, lung cancer or trauma.
What is hemoptysis?
Any abnormal breath sound that occurs in addition to normal breath sounds
What are adventitious breath sounds?
Two examples of COPD.
What are pink puffers and blue bloaters (emphysema and chronic bronchitis)?
These cells produce surfactant.
What are type II pneumocytes
All respiratory mechanisms lead into these brain areas.
What are the pons and the medulla
Esophageal varices may cause
What is hematemesis?
The most ominous breath sounds
What are no breath sounds?
Disease process caused when COPD leads to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.
What is cor pulmonale?