Apcomplicated
Apicomplexa are ______ ______ parasites.
What are obligate intracellular parasites?
Sarcocystis neurona has been identified as the causative agent of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, a neurological disease that affects horses. However, this parasite's natural definitive host are opossums. Since it doesn't normally infect horses, we would say that the horse is an __________ host.
What is an accidental or aberrant host?
Malaria is one of the most commonly discussed pathogens and has been around since Ancient Egypt. In fact, its name originated from the term ______ ______ that was used to describe the resulting conditions created by the swampy landscape that typically harbored this disease.
What is bad air?
These are the types of cells in which the parasite that causes malaria invades.
What are red blood cells?
A parasite that only needs one host has a __________ life cycle.
What is direct life cycle?
__________ is the name of this organelle from the following image of Toxoplasma gondii. (Hint.)
What is the apicoplast?
Cryptosporidium is a water-borne infection that causes diarrhea in children. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, which most likely means its infective stage is an ________. (Hint.)
What is an oocyst?
Malaria is transmitted by:
a) male mosquitos only
b) mostly male, but sometimes female mosquitos
c) female mosquitos only
d) both male and female mosquitos equally
c) female mosquitos only
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!
This disease is believed to be a result of genetic mutations in response to malarial infection. It is most commonly found in those who have descended from sub-Saharan Africa and affects the shape of hemoglobin.
What is sickle cell anemia?
Name at least one factor that causes individual hosts to vary in susceptibility.
What is age, concurrent diseases, nutrition, and/or genetic differences?
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Micronemes Nutrient acquisition
Rhoptries Penetration
Dense granules Attachment
Micronemes - attachment
Rhoptries - penetration
Dense granules - nutrient acquisition
Eimeria is an intestinal disease commonly found in cattle and poultry. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, however, the oocyst is not immediately infective once released. It first must undergo __________ in the environment to create the infective sporogony.
What is sporulation?
Sporozoites are released from oocysts that migrate to the ________ ______ of the mosquito.
What are salivary glands?
The infective stage of the malarial parasite is:
a) sporozoite
b) merozoite
c) hypnozoite
d) none of the above
a) sporozoite
Name at least one role parasites play in maintaining ecosystems.
What is remove the weak/remove top predators/disease regulates population size/ecosystem engineers/regulates food webs/parasites are food?
In the lytic cycle of toxoplasma, the mode of cell division is called __________.
What is endodyogeny?
Babesia, a parasite transmitted by ticks, is not considered a causative agent for hemolytic anemia because it does not infect red blood cells. (True or False)
False. Babesia infects and develops in RBCs, which leads to hemolytic anemia when the merozoite leaves the cell.
FREEBYYYYY (HINT!)
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The plastid (or apicoplast) is believed to be the remnant of this organelle typically found in plants.
What is the chloroplast?
Ectoparasites are found externally on the host and cause __________.
What is an infestation?
The main function of the inner membrane complex in apicomplexan is:
a) fatty acid metabolism
b) houses gliding motility machinery
c) used for nutrient acquisition
d) none of the above
b) houses gliding motility machinery
__________ is the stage in which toxoplasma causes an acute infection whereas __________ is the stage in which it causes a chronic infection. (Hint.)
What is the Tachyzoite and Bradyzoite stage?
This is the zoite form in malaria that is responsible for relapse of the disease.
What is the hypnozoite?
The molecular machine that aids in the gliding motility of many unicellular parasites is known as the _________.
What is the glideosome?
Ali has become infected with Giardia. As the infection develops, there is a 1-2 week period where there are no symptoms as the parasites grow. This period of time is known as the __________ period.
What is the incubation period?