GENRES
STRUCTURE
CONTEXT CLUES
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
POINT OF VIEW
100
a story with make believe characters that could happen in real life
Realistic Fiction
100
How to Make Cookies. First, get your materials. Then, make your dough. Lastly, cook your dough at 400 degrees for 10 minutes.
Sequence
100
Injustice: Kevin thought that it was a great injustice that girls could wear earrings in the school while the boys could not.
inequality/unfair
100
The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky
Simile
100
Leslie sat in front of Paul. She had two long, brown pigtails that reached all the way down to her waist. Paul saw those pigtails, and a terrible urge came over him. He wanted to pull a pigtail. He wanted to wrap his fist around it, feel the hair between his fingers, and just yank. He thought it would be fun to tie the pigtails together, or better yet, tie them to her chair. But most of all, he just wanted to pull one.
Third person point of view
200
text that provides factual information about a topic, using headings, diagrams, and captions
Expository Non-fiction
200
Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather improperly dressed; however, illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by germs. So while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because you will have a greater exposure to germs.
Cause and effect
200
Yearn: Even though John had a good job and a nice family, he yearned for more.
longed for/hoped for
200
buzz, hiss, roar, woof
Onomatoepia
200
Before each practice begins, make sure you check the court and remove any debris from the playing surface. When your players arrive, check that they have the proper footwear and that they've removed any jewelry, which could injure the player wearing the jewelry or another player. Always carry a list of emergency phone numbers for your players, and know where the nearest phone is located. You should also have a first-aid kit, and you might want to take a first-aid course.
Second person point of view
300
fictional story that takes place during specific time period in the past. Setting is real, but characters may or may not be.
Historical fiction
300
Hurricanes and tornados are both amazing yet deadly natural phenomena. Both generate deadly conditions, but in different ways. Tornados are likely to damage people and property with their high winds, which go up to 300 miles per hour, but hurricanes are generally more feared for their flooding. Also, hurricanes can produce tornados, which makes them quite dangerous indeed.
Compare and contrast
300
Delicate: Tracy held the flower as gently as she could, fearing that the delicate stem would break.
fragile/easily broken/light
300
His eyes are the moon, always shining so bright
Metaphor
300
The day Shiloh come, we're having us a big Sunday dinner. Dara Lynn's dipping bread in her glass of cold tea, the way she likes, and Becky pushes her beans over the edge of her plate in her rush to get 'em down. Ma gives us her scolding look. We live high up in the hills above Friendly, but hardly anybody knows where that is. Friendly's near Sistersville, which is halfway between Wheeling and Parkersburg. Used to be, my daddy told me, Sistersville was once of the best places you could live in the whole state.
First person point of view
400
the story of someone's life written by a different person
Biography
400
In the early 1800s, the United States needed room to grow. Most people lived in the East. The cities were crowded. New land was expensive. Young families couldn’t afford to buy farms. Then, the United States government purchased land from France. The government also acquired land from Mexico. Soon the country stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean. People looked to the setting sun with outstretched arms and said, “Go west!”
Problem and solution
400
Coax: After the bird escaped, Chris tried to coax it back into the cage with treats.
persuade/influence
400
The stuffed bear smiled as the little boy hugged him close
Personification
400
What is the difference between first and third?
1st---shows a characters inner thoughts and feelings (more subjective) 3rd--is more of an observation from the narrator's perspective, including the actions of other characters (more objective)
500
verse that includes stanzas and lines that reflects speaker's mood or a message
Poetry
500
Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago but unlocked the secrets of chess in a Brooklyn apartment right above a candy store. At the age of six he taught himself to play by following the instruction booklet that came with his chess board. After spending much of his childhood in chess clubs, Fischer said that, "One day, I just got good." That may be a bit of an understatement. At the age of 13 he won the U.S. Junior Chess Championship, becoming the youngest Junior Champion ever. At the age of 14 he won the U.S. Championship and became the youngest U.S. Champion in history. Fischer would go on to become the World Champion of chess, but he would also grow to become his own worst enemy. Instead of defending the title, he forfeited it to the next challenger without even making a move, and the rise of a chess superstar ended with a fizzle.
Chronological
500
Murmur: On the way to her room after just having been grounded, Tammy murmured something under her breath.
whispered
500
mile-high ice-cream cones
Hyperbole
500
Why might an author write a text from the 2nd pov?
The author wants to talk directly to the reader, so he or she can partake in the story.
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