Parental Care
What form of parental care involves the formation of nests?
Foam nesting
What is an amniotic egg?
a fluid filled sac with a hard shell where a animal such as a reptile will develop
How is evolutionary history studied?
Through phylogeny
What is natural selection?
A process that favors behaviors and phenotypes that provide reproductive advantage and are to be passed down across generations
What is metamorphosis?
a change of the physical form of an animal
Does the male or female frog protect the young by putting them in their mouth?
The male
What is an amphibian egg?
a liquid filled sac that lacks a shell where amphibians develop.
What adaptations did organisms that were aquatic acquire to make them capable of transitioning to land?
Eggs that could take part in gas exchange and that could resist desiccation
How is plasticity an example of natural selection?
It increases survival in the face of predators, and the tadpoles being released will go on to reproduce and pass down their genes
What is the second stage of the metamorphosis?
Embryonic stage
How do the frogs decide where to hatch their eggs?
By evaluating the pools for biotic and abiotic threats
What is the "shell" of an amphibian egg?
Jelly
What is adaptive radiation and how does it present difficulties when making a phylogenetic tree?
Adaptive radiation is when there is a dramatic shift in the environment and the species also have a dramatic shift in order to adapt to the environment. Therefore there is a sudden emergence of a new species making it difficult to create a phylogenetic tree due to the inability of determining relationships among other species
What type of predators do amphibians face? Aquatic or terrestrial?
Both!
What is the fourth stage of metamorphosis?
The formation of gills.
What is brooding?
When the frog sits on its eggs to assist in water retention.
Where do the nutrients come from?
The yolk sac.
What are the key features of a phylogenetic tree and what do they represent?
The root is the origin, nodes represent the common ancestor where the species has diverged from one another, and the branches represent the lineage of the species
What is an adaptation that increased the fitness of amniotes over amphibians?
They have an amnion, a membrane surrounding the embryo filled with amniotic fluid
What is the sixth stage of metamorphosis?
The formation of the back legs.
What are the 3 key features of parental care?
Protection, Transportation, and Nutrition
What is a key problem amphibian eggs face and when?
They struggle to retain moisture when they are laid on land.
What is the closest ancestor of amphibians?
The Tiktaalik
What is the link between parental care and natural selection in amphibian?
parental care was shown to increase natural selection on amphibians and help with the transition to land by protecting developing youth
What is the final stage of metamorphosis?
A Frog, that lives both on land and in water