Mental Health
Three moderators or protective factors of the effects of divorce?
What is:
1) Resources (individual, interpersonal, structural)
2) Definition and meaning of divorce (shared custody?)
3) Demographic characteristics (age, gender)
The difficulty of studying remarriage?
What is: Lots of diversity in remarriage outcomes
1) stepmothers vs stepfathers
2) stepsiblings
3) living situations
4) time between divorce and remarriage
What is 39%?
* This decline does not mean more people are living happily ever after. (Luscombe, 2018)
https://time.com/5434949/divorce-rate-children-marriage-benefits/
Risk factors for children of divorce?
What is:
Parental conflict
Loss of contact with a parent
Economic hardship:
Parental stress and mental health
Disruption of routines and social support
The future family impact of divorce on a child's adult family
What is:
-Trust in relationships
-Hesitancy toward marriage
-Acceptance of divorce
A child going through divorce is an example of a(n) ____, increasing the likelihood of mental health problems, behavioral problems, academic performance problems, or substance abuse problems.
What is Adverse Childhood Experience?
ACEs are factors and characteristics that a child goes through during early stages in life that affects their development later. 67% of people had at least one ACE, and 12.6% had at least 4 ACEs. This affects the interpersonal aspect on the Social Ecological Model due to family.
Burke Harris, N. (2014). How Childhood Trauma
Affects Health Across a Lifetime. TED Talk. Video.
Retrieved from
https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how
_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime
/up-next#t-243214.
The attachment style that is more likely for children of divorce (when compared to children of married parents)
What is insecure attachment?
In one study by Scharf and Mayseless (2011), children from divorced families showed a higher prevalence of insecure attachment styles, including avoidant and ambivalent styles, compared to children from intact families.
(NOTE: not all children of divorced parents will develop insecure attachment styles, and there are many factors that can influence a child's outcomes, including parenting practices, support systems, and individual resilience.)
This behavior actually decreases in a child if there is a greater family dysfunction prior to a divorce.
What is anti-social behavior?
The dissolution of marriage in a highly dysfunctional family allows for a child's anti-social behavior to decrease.
Effects of Divorce on Children's Social Skills. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://marripedia.org/effects.of
.divorce.on.children.s.social.skills
According to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Family Issues, are women or men more likely to initiate divorce?
What is the woman?
Almost 70% of divorces are initiated by womenForm of custody that cause the least harm to children
What is joint custody?
When both parents are heavily involved in the child's life after the divorce the children are less likely to display adverse health symptoms than those in sole custody
Warshak, R. A. (2017, May 26). After divorce, shared parenting is best for children's health, development. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/26/divorce-shared-parenting-children-health/
The impact of siblings on divorce likelihood
What is:
Individuals who grew up with no siblings are more likely to experience divorce than those who grew up with siblings.
Additionally, individuals who grew up with three or more siblings are less likely to experience divorce compared to those who grew up with one or two siblings.
( NCBI "Number of Siblings During Childhood and the Likelihood of Divorce in Adulthood" by Donna Bobbitt-Zeher, Douglas B. Downey, and Joseph Merry )
According to a 2018 study from the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, how is a person's retirement income impacted after divorce?
What is an income reduction?
The study found that women who divorce after age 50 can expect to see their standard of living decline by 45%, while men can expect a decline of 21%.