Parenting Styles
What is the key characteristic of an authoritarian parenting style?
characterized by high demands and low responsiveness. Parents enforce strict rules and expect obedience without question.
What age range determines "Newborn?"
Birth-1 month
How does object permanence relate to cognitive development?
Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, developing during the sensorimotor stage.
Who developed the psychosocial development theory?
Erik Erikson
What is a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social changes throughout the lifespan?
Developmental Psychology
Which parenting style is characterized by a lack of responsiveness?
The neglectful parenting style is characterized by a lack of responsiveness and involvement in the child's life, often leading to emotional and developmental issues.
At what age does a child typically start walking?
A child typically starts walking around 12 months of age.
What is the primary focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
How individuals develop moral reasoning and ethical behavior over time.
What is the conflict/crisis at stage 1 of psychosocial theory?
Trust vs. Mistrust
What is a "critical period" in development?
optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
In which type of parenting style do children have the most opportunity for growth?
In authoritative parenting, as parents encourage them to make choices and express themselves while still providing guidance.
What reflexes are present at birth?
Moro, Grasping, Rooting, Sucking, and Babinski
What is the primary focus of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory?
How children acquire, construct, and use knowledge as they grow. (Thinking, Learning, Communicating)
What age range is included in stage 2 of psychosexual theory?
Ages 1-3
What is the name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or parenting choices/environment is responsible for driving behavior?
Nature vs. Nurture
How does authoritative parenting differ from permissive parenting?
Authoritative parenting is characterized by a balance of responsiveness and demandingness, promoting independence while maintaining expectations. Permissive parenting is more indulgent, allowing significant freedom and few demands.
What sets the course of physical development?
Maturation
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
What potential fixations does Freud say can exist at the Phallic Stage?
Recklessness, Narcissistic, Selfish, Poor Relationships
Explain what the rooting reflex is and why it is important for newborn survival.
Rooting is an involuntary response in newborns where they turn their head and open their mouth helping them to feed.
Without this they would struggle with how to eat and consume needed calories.
Describe the potential long-term effects of neglectful parenting on a child's development.
Long-term effects of neglectful parenting may include emotional difficulties, attachment issues, low academic performance, and challenges in social relationships.
What can impact physical development during childhood?
Nutrition, Trauma, Physical Injury, Growth Rates, etc.
What are the 3 stages of moral development?
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Explain the Locomotor stage of psychosocial development. (Age, Conflict, Important Event)
306, Initiative vs. Guilt, Independence
How does the theory of stages differ from the theory of continuity?
Stages is development occurring through a series of predetermined steps, while Continuity is development occurring smoothly over time.