Signs and Symptoms
What is a symptom commonly seen in the hands and feet of patients with parkinsons
Answer: Tremors
Additional comment: tremors can also be seen in the jaw and lips of an individual
What areas can occupational therapy help in with patients with parkinson`s
Self care
Work and hobbies
daily adaptations
What area of the brain is impacted?
Midbrain
How is PD diagnosed
medication response (improvement with symptoms)
physical examination
MRI
True or false: Long term Levodopa use causes tremors
False: levodopa causes dyskinesia
What changes help in speech for PD patients
Speech is slowed and monotone
What are 2 mechanisms of actions for parkinson medication
Activated dopamine receptors and block acetylcholine receptors
What is dopamine and how is it impacted in PD?
A neurotransmitter that helps with muscle relaxation, in PD dopamine decreases
What a predisposing factors for developing parkinsons
Male
60 years old +
genetic factors
environmental factors
Head trauma
True or false: There is a permanent cure for PD
False
Bradykinesia is a common symptom of PD, what is this?
Slowness of movement, reduced ability for rapid movements
What is the first line medication to help with patients with parkinsons
carbidopap-levidopa
Additional: Used to help diagnosis if there is a reduction in symptoms
What is acetylcholine and how is it impacted in PD
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that helps with muscle contraction and in PD patients have too much of it
Prognosis for patients with PD
10-20 years left after diagnosis, often from complications
True or False: every PD patient has the same symptoms
False
What is the facial expression of patients with PD
masked face, decrease facial expression
What drug is used to delay progression of parkinsons disease
Selegiline, a MAO-B inhibitor
What are Lewy Bodies with patients that have PD?
Abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins that spreads to cause dysfunction in the brain
What are predosposition for Juvenile parkinsonsism
Higher genetic correlation
20 years old and younger
Male
Which famous actor from Back to the Future has PD?
Micheal J Fox
What is a very early sign of PD often seen years before movement changes
loss of smell
What is a medication that increases release of dopamine as well as an antiviral medication?
Amantadine (symmetrel)
What does the substantia Nigra producde
Dopamine
When symptoms are shown how much dopamine producing neurons have been lost?
70%
What country has the highest rate of parkinsons
China with 50% of worlds parkinsons cases