Paper
The study examined this area of the Basal Ganglia that contained the graft
What is the Putamen?
Location of dopaminergic cell bodies
What is Substantia Nigra?
Parkinson’s incidence increases significantly after this age
What is age 60?
Aggregation of Lewy Bodies causes the loss of this on neurons
What are dendritic spines?
This treatment uses an electrical impulse to the Basal Ganglia at a certain, constant, frequency
What is deep brain stimulation?
At 24 years post graft, there was no evidence of this response
What is inflammatory response?
The Substantia Nigra contains these cells that give it its distinctive color
What are neuromelanin cells
Parkinson’s disease is this most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide
What is 2nd most common neurodegenerative disease?
This enzyme converts Tyrosine to this precursor to dopamine
What are Tyrosine Hydroxylase and L-Dopa?
This treatment tends to stop working after awhile, possibly due to the downregulation of receptors, which is why there are alternative treatments
What is L-DOPA?
This amount of the grafted cells contained Lewy body inclusions
What is 11-12%?
Parts of Striatum/Basal Ganglia
What is Caudate, Putamen, & Globus Pallidus?
The presence of these inclusions is a hallmark of late stage Parkinson’s
What are Lewy Bodies?
This type of protein aggregates in Lewy Body inclusions
What is alpha synuclein?
Grafts cost this approximately this much in US dollars
What are tens of thousands of dollars?
At this year post transplantation, the patient started to lose this beneficial response
What are year 14 and L-DOPA response?
The study stained for this enzyme in the grafted and non grafted areas
Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)
During the transplantation process, a certain imaging technology and technique is used to ensure placing the tissue in the right region of the brain
What is CT guided stereotactic technique?
These types of dopamine receptors are in the putamen and one is excitatory and one is inhibitory
What are D1 and D2 receptors?
These types of therapy involve surgery
What is DBS, lesioning, and transplantation
Parkinson’s with dementia corresponded to this stage
What is Braak stage 6?
The study cut the patient’s brain post mortem is these number of blocks in a certain plane
What are 4 blocks and Coronal sections?
The symptoms of parkinson’s includes (Name 6 out of 13)
What is resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, stooped posture, akinesia, reduced facial expression, reduced arm swinging, sleep disturbances, constipation, overactive bladder, and depression?
Parkinson’s symptoms occur because of the loss of these neuronal signals coming from one particular region of the brain to another
What are dopaminergic signals from the substantia nigra to the putamen?
This drug was used to suppress the patient’s immune system after transplantation
What is cyclosporine or what is prednisolone or what is azathioprine?