Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
Diagnosis
Causes
100
Shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking
What are Parkinson's most obvious symptoms?
100
converted into dopamine in the dopaminergic neurons
What is L-DOPA?
100
is a dopamine stimulant
What is nicotine?
100
A degenerative disorder of the SNC
What is Parkinson's?
100
It has no known cause
What is idiopathic?
200
Dementia
What occurs in advanced stages of the disease?
200
They bind to dopaminergic post-synaptic receptors in the brain have similar effects to levodopa
What is dopamine agonists?
200
appears protective against Parkinson's disease
What is Caffeine?
200
A physician may be able to diagnose Parkinson's with the patient's Clinical History factors
What is medical history and a neurological examination?
200
pesticide exposure, head injuries, and living in the country or farming
What is Environmental Factors?
300
Depression
What is most common psychiatric symptom?
300
They inhibit monoamine oxidase-B, which breaks down dopamine secreted by the dopaminergic neurons
What is MAO-B inhibitors?
300
Antioxidants said to be preventive
What is vitamin C and D?
300
Are sometimes used to rule out disorders that could give rise to similar symptoms
What is Brain Scans?
300
the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra
What is main cause for the motor symptoms?
400
Hallucinations or delusions
What are some psychotic symptoms?
400
the most commonly used surgical treatment
What is Deep brain stimulation (DBS)?
400
Exposure to these could be a risk factor
What is Heavy Metals?
400
The finding of these in the midbrain on autopsy is usually considered proof that the patient suffered from Parkinson's disease
What is Lewy Bodies?
400
the accumulation of a protein called alpha-synuclein into inclusions called Lewy bodies in neurons
What is the pathology?
500
A characteristic symptom associated with slowness of movement or difficulties along the whole course of the movement process
What is Bradykinesia?
500
is often required in the final stages of the disease when all other treatment strategies have become ineffective
What is Palliative care?
500
Usually decreases life expectancy and quality of life, but it may reduce the risk of Parkinson's Disease by a third
What is smoking tobacco?
500
A specific technique of MRI used to help diagnose
What is diffusion MRI?
500
genes including SNCA, LRRK2 and glucocerebrosidase (GBA)
What is Mutations?
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