Muscles
Bone Fractures
Directional Terms
Stages of Healing
Little Bit of Everything
100
What are the 3 arm muscles discussed?
What is Bicep, Tricep, Deltoid
100
Known as a fatigue fracture, occurs in a bone that has been subjected to a repetitive stress.
What is a Stress Fracture
100
A hinge joint is the bending of the joint & the anatomical position being straight.
What is Flexion & Extension
100
What is Stage 2 of Soft Tissue Healing? Include what it's called and what exactly happens.
STAGE 2: Repair - The injured area has now been filled with blood, cells, & chemicals to rebuild the area to as near normal as possible. Fibroblasts - begin building fibers across the injured area.
100
What is the difference between a ball-and-socket joint & hinge joint?
The shoulder & hip joints are also referred to as ball-and-socket joints which is the end of a long bone is rounded like a ball & is set in a cuplike socket of the other bone. Hinge joints are the elbow & knee; they move back & forth like a hinge on a door.
200
What are the 4 leg muscles?
What is Quadricep, Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, & Soleus
200
Travels across a bone, perpendicular to that bone.
What is a Transverse Fracture
200
What is Abduction & Adduction?
Abduction - movement of a body segment away from the midline (the line of the sagittal plane). Example: moving one leg outward from the anatomical position. Show off your abs. Adduction - returning it toward the midline.
200
What is Stage 1 of Soft Tissue Healing? Include what it's called and what exactly happens.
STAGE 1: Acute Inflammatory - In this stage, an increased flow of blood to the injured area brings cells & chemicals to begin the healing process. Phagocytes - specialized cells that engulf & eat up the dead cells. Leukocytes- are infection-fighting white blood cells. Platelets - carry blood-clotting materials.
200
What is made of spindle-shaped cells that support and bind together other tissues?
Connective Tissue
300
What are the 4 stomach muscles?
Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus
300
Occurs when opposing forces are applied to a bone from both ends at the same time
What is a Compression Fracture
300
Occurs at the wrist & ankle. Example; turning your wrist toward the ground & up towards the sky
What is Pronation & Supination
300
What is stage 1 of the bone healing process? Include what it's called and what exactly happens.
STAGE 1: ACUTE - An injury to the bone causes the bone to break & bleeding occurs in the area. Osteoclasts begin to “eat” the debris or resorb it into the body. Osteoblasts begin to add new layers to the outside of the bone tissue.
300
What is the difference between Ligaments & Tendons?
Ligaments connect bone to bone. Tendons connect bone to muscle.
400
What are 3 butt muscles?
Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus
400
Bones that tend to bend & fracture only partway through
What is Greenstick Fracture
400
What is Inversion & Eversion?
Inversion - The sole of the foot is turned inward (in). Eversion - The sole of the foot is turned outward.
400
What is stage 2 of bone healing process? Include what it's called and what exactly happens.
STAGE 2: REPAIR - Osteoclasts & osteoblasts continue to regenerate the bone. A fibrous callous forms which is a bony splint. It extends internally & externally to hold the bone ends together, is transformed into a sleeve of hard callus bone.
400
A disease process like a bone tumor can weaken the bones so that a little stress will cause a fracture.
Pathological
500
Muscle that starts at lower spine & is behind Gluteus Maximus & connects to the femur
What is the Piriformis Muscle
500
A diagonal break across a bone from one side to another
What is an Oblique Fracture
500
What is Protraction & Retraction?
Protraction - Occurs when the segment glides forward, as when the lower jaw pushes outward until the chin sticks out. Retraction - is gliding a segment backward, as when the scapulae squeeze together. Ex. retract a lawn mower cord.
500
What is the 3rd Stage of Healing of a bone fracture? Include what it's called and what exactly happens.
STAGE 3: REMODELING - this stage takes several years to complete.The callus is reabsorbed & replaced with a fibrous cord of bone that is formed around the fracture site. If a bone never heals, it is referred to as a nonunion fracture.
500
What is Rotation & Circumduction?
Rotation - occurs when a bony segment (or series of segments) spins or turns on an axis. Circumduction - occurs when a ball-and-socket joint, such as the shoulder or hip, encompasses several directions with one movement. The joint is moved in a circular fashion around its axis.
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