Terms
People & More
Theories & More
Reforms
Events
100
This political philosophy and form of government sets up a situation in which the government runs industries rather than privately owned and operated corporations. Many countries throughout the world have governments with some of this characteristics.
What is Socialism
100
This English Enlightenment thinker argued that all men are born with natural rights and should be free. These new ideas helped inspire the French and American revolutions.
What is John Locke
100
This economic and political system arose as a reaction to capitalism during the 19th century. Utopian self-sufficient communities held property in common and relied on the shared efforts of residents.
What is Utopian
100
This feminist work, written by French social reformer and women’s rights activist Olympe de Grogges, was published in 1791. In it, de Grogges argued for increased rights for women and children, included those born outside marriage.
What is Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
100
This event occurred in 1857 when this people of the South African cape sacrificed their cattle in masse in respond to a prophecy. They believed that this action would lead to the overthrow of the British, but instead it led to widespread starvation and dampened it’s resistance efforts.
What is Xhosa cattle-killing
200
This document of the French revolution, influenced by Enlightenment ideas of freedom and liberty, laid out the rights of French citizens, including the right to liberty, equality, private property, and resistance.
What is Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
200
This French Enlightenment thinker argued for tolerance and held that government should be divided into parts with shared power. These new ideas set the stage for the rebellions and revolts that occurred later in this period.
What is Montesquieu
200
This theory explains disparities in industrialization and economics by stating that relative development and underdevelopment are complementary states, as developed areas became that way at the expense of underdeveloped areas.
What is Dependency Theory
200
This feminist work, written by English women’s rights activist Mary Wollstonecraft, was published in 1792. I n it Wollstonecraft called for increased social equality for men and women through greater educational opportunities for women.
What is A Vindication of the Right of Women
200
This unsuccessful revolt occurred in 1900 when the Chinese attempted to expel all foreigners to end foreign influence on Chinese society. Anticolonial movements such as this arose from increasing questions of political authority and nationalism.
What is Boxer Rebellion
300
This term refers to the right to vote. Expanding suffrage during the 19th century reflected Enlightenment ideas about social relations. Women’s suffrage was a prominent political issue in industrialized societies including Britain, France, and the United States.
What is suffrage
300
This alliance battled the centralized Mughal government. As the empire declined, it controlled a great deal of land in the western and northern India. They fell to the British in the early 19th century.
What is Marathas
300
This economic and political theory, promoted by Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill and strongly associated with capitalism, holds that government should have minimal involvement in economic affairs. The popularity of this doctrine during the 19th century contributed to the growth of financial instruments such as the stock market and increasing transnational businesses.
What is Laissez-faire
300
This government-led reform movement launched by the Ottoman Empire sought to reorganize and modernize the empire by establishing greater equality and a new legal system based on French law.
What is Tanzimat Movement
300
This revolt occurred when Indian sepoy rebelled against British authorities upon receiving weapons greased with animal fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim religious sensibilities. As a result of the rebellion, Britain imposed direct imperial rule on India in 1858. Anticolonial movement such as this stemmed from increasing questions of political authority and nationalism during the 19th century.
What is Indian Revolt of 1857
400
This political principle, promoted by Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke and Rousseau, claims that rulers and the ruled have either a formal or unspoken contract laying out the rights and responsibilities of each. According to this theory, people create governments, which are thus subject to the consent of the governed. This new idea set the stage for the rebellions and revolts that occurred later, such as the French and American revolutions.
What is social contact
400
This Latin American leader spearheaded revolutionary efforts in Central America that helped end European control of the region by 1824.
What is Simon Bolivar
400
This political theory rejects all government, instead holding individuals and groups should freely and voluntarily cooperate to form societies. It first emerged as a serious political theory during the mid-19th century, partially in response to capitalist exploitation of workers.
What is Anarchism
400
This Chinese reform movement saw local leaders attempt to enact military and economic reform in the country by building modern shipyards, railroads, and weapons industries as well as founding scientific schools. Although the movement experienced some resistance, it encouraged imperial policy reforms.
What is Self-Strengthening Movement
400
This seminal conference, held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, saw the birth of the women’s rights movement in the united States. At the conference, reformers unveiled the Declaration of Sentiments, a list of demands for increased right for women that was modeled on the Declaration of Independence.
What is Seneca Falls Conference 1848
500
These rights, promoted by the Enlightenment thinker John Locke, are those rights inherently held by people upon birth. The concept of natural rights influenced later rebellions, revolts, and governments, such as the U.S Declaration of Independence.
What is natural rights
500
These organizations of workers emerged during the19th century as a reaction to exploitive capitalist practices. By organizing into unions, workers were able to work for improved working conditions and other shared goals.
What is Unions
500
This theory, supposedly supported by scientific findings, purports that different human racial groups have inherently different levels of ability, with Europeans being morally and intellectually superior to Africans or Asians. Theories such as this were used to justify European imperialism in the 19th century.
What is Scientific Racism
500
This Islamic reform sect rebelled against the centralized control of the Ottoman Empire during the early 19th century. Although the Ottomans ended the rebellion, the sect remains intact today.
What is wahhabi
500
These revolutions against existing monarchies spread from Sicily north through many European urban centers (with the exception of Spain, Russia, and Scandinavia). Only the French was the revolution briefly successful, with the establishment of universal male suffrage and the short-lived Second Republic.
What is Revolution of 1848
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