Simple S/P
The sleepy cat stretched.
SS: sleepy
SP: stretched
Two birds chirped.
CS: Two birds
CP: chirped
My brother cooked dinner last night.
IC
I drank the water.
DO: water
My best friend laughed loudly.
SS: friend
SP: laughed
Nobody wants to spoil the surprise.
CP: wants to spoil the surprise
Had scars and barnacles.
Phrase (missing subject)
They told me the news.
IO: me
DO: news
The old library at the corner opened early.
SS: library
SP: opened
The teacher explained the directions.
CS: The teacher
CP: explained the directions
When the rain stopped.
DC
IO: students
DO: seats
Mel and Brian, in the bright blue car, sped away.
SS: Mel, Brian
SP: sped
The broken pencil and the pink eraser rolled off the desk.
CS: The broken pencil and the pink eraser
CP: rolled off the desk
Wanting a more specific recommendation.
Phrase (missing subject & verb)
I wonder about the weather tomorrow.
N/A ("about the weather" is a prep phrase)
The tall oak tree in the yard fell during the storm and never recovered.
SS: tree
SP: fell, recovered
Yesterday, both of us wandered down the hall, then sat.
CS: Both of us
CP: Yesterday, wandered down the hall, then sat
Which was blue, green, and polka dotted.
Dependent clause
My dog brought a stuffed animal to me.
DO: animal
("to me" is a prepositional phrase -- IOs MUST come before DOs)