framework and movement
a network of protein fibers that hold the cell together
what is the cytoskeleton
the central organelle that controls the cell functions and contains the nuclear envelope
what is the nucleus
a system of organelles that work together in synthesis, storage, and export of molecules within the cell
what is the endomembrane system
transports vehicles from the ER, where proteins are modified and repackaged for export, compared to the UPS
what is the golgi apparatus
found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, plants, and animals; converts energy (glucose to ATP) and serves as the powerhouse of the cell
what is the mitochondria
solid helical rods composed of globular protein called actin
what are microfilaments
a double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses the nucleus and sperates its contents from the cytoplasm
what is the nuclear envelope
the part of the ER that lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, and detoxifies poisons in the liver
what is smooth ER
membrane bound sacs that may be used for storage, transport, or digestion of materials in the cell
what is a vesicle
found in plants and some protists these contain chlorophyll and use light energy to make carbohydrates through photosynthesis
what are chloroplasts
hollow helical rods composed of a globular protein called tubulin
what are microtubules
a region within the nucleus where ribosomes are made
what is the nucleolus
the part of the ER that contains ribosomes and moves/modifies proteins and other substances throughout the cell
what is rough ER
found in plant cells, this holds reserves of important organic compounds and water, known as a pool
what is the central vauole
made of cellulose, found only in plants, which supports and maintains the shape of the cell, protects it, and connects it to other cells
what is the cell wall
longer, less numerous structures with a beating pattern for movement, example, sperm
what is flagella
loosely structured DNA and proteins present when the cell is not actively dividing
what is chromatin structure
the general network membrane referred to as the ER membrane
what is the endoplasmic reticulum
a vesicle of digestive enzymes produced by the golgi that fuses with other vehicles to digest and recycle damaged organelles
what is a lysosome
forms a barrier that controls which substances move into and out of the cell, known as selective permeability
what are cell membranes
shorter more numerous structures responsible for ciliary motion
what are cilia
DNA coiling tightly into visible forms right before cell division
what is chromatin (coiling to form chromosomes)
particles made of ribosomal RNA and proteins that carry out the building of proteins
what are ribosomes
made of microtubules and typically found in animal cells to assist with cell division
what are centrioles
everything in between the plasma membrane and nucleus that holds all organelles together
what is the cytoplasm