Evolution
An organism's adaptations to its environment are a result of this.
evolution
Distinguish the difference between transcription and translation.
transcription= the coping of DNA into mRNA
translation = the creation of amino acid/proteins based off the mRNA
DNA is stored in here.
What is the nucleus?
define hypothesis
a tentative answer to a well-framed scientific question. a rational accounting for a set of observations
The lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
What is a cell?
The scientific explanation for unity and diversity
What is Evolution?
This is where transcription takes place.
inside the nucleus
This is the unit of inheritance
What is a gene?
independent is what is being manipulated by the scientist
dependent is what is being measured, is predicted to be affected by the independent variable
Properties that result from the whole of each system, but not by any of its individual parts.
What is emergent properties?
The mechanism behind evolution.
What is natural selection?
this is where translation takes place
through a ribosome, usually (but not always) found in the rough ER.
Order the following from largest to smallest: DNA, Gene, Chromosome
What is a chromosome, DNA, genes?
qualitative vs quantitative data
qualitative: take the form of recorded descriptions
quantitative: data generally expressed in numerical measurement, harder to analyze
The reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
what is reductionism?
Explain one example of an organism and its evolutionary adaption to its environment.
Darwin's finches, pink vs green katydids, light vs dark colored mice, etc.
What part of the DNA is being "read" during translation?
the nucleotide codons (AUG, UUA, GAU etc.)
This is the monomer/composes DNA and RNA.
What are nucleotides: adenine, thymine, guanine, thymine/cytosol?
inductive vs deductive reasoning
inductive: draws conclusions through repeating specific observations to generalizations
deductive: uses general premises to make specific predictions
Organisms are divided into these 3 domains.
What is bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
The scientific explanation for both unity and diversity is the concept that...
living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors
Explain the basic process of transcription and translation from beginning to end.
1. DNA is in the nucleus, it is nucleotides (A T G U) are copied into mRNA (transcription)
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome (usually in the rough ER) the ribosome translates the information from nucleotides into amino acids (translation)
3. The amino acid polypeptide chain folds and becomes a protein
Explain what would happen if part of the gene that creates hemoglobin was damaged
The mRNA would make an incorrect copy of the DNA, leading to the incorrect amino acids being created. Because it has the incorrect amino acids, the protein (hemoglobin) would not be made/made but is deformed. In this case, it would lead to sickle cell anemia or aplastic anemia.
Explain the difference between a control and experimental group, and why we must have them.
control: are used to create a baseline measurement of what is being measured. receiving no change or placebo.
experimental: the group in which the independent variable is being modified/the group receiving the treatment.
It is important that we have a control group to limit confounding variables- other things that could be changing our dependent variable (what is being measured). It makes sure that it is the independent variable (the thing being modified) is resulting in the change between the two groups and not something else.
This surrounds all cells and their organelles to serve as a protective membrane.
What is a phospholipid bilayer membrane?