Immunology
What are cytokines?
Signalling proteins
Name the reverse transcribing viruses
Hepadnavirdae and Retroviridae
The structural portions of viruses are made of?
Envelope proteins and Viral capsid
Envelope proteins and Viral capsid
Facilitate assembly of viruses
What is a pure culture?
only 1 species of bacteria
What is an antigen?
Proteins that activate an immune response by stimulating immune cells.
What causes FMD?
Aphthovirus
Name the viruses that are ambisense
Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae
What protein plays a key role in receptor mediated endocytosis?
Clathrin protein
What does ‘Bacteriostatic’ mean?
Antimicrobial that prevent bacteria growth by stopping division.
What are Antibodies?
Produced by lymphocytes, Bind to antigens to signal/produce immune response.
What viruses replicate in the viroplasm?
Poxviridae
Explain adenoviruses (describe traits)
Non-enveloped, icosahedral, linear, dsDNA
Copying Retrovirus nucleic acid depends on?
Reverse Transcriptase
What does ‘Bactericidal’ mean?
Antimicrobial that prevents bacterial growth by killing the bacteria
What is chemotaxis
Attraction of cells to point of inflammation (mobilising army to battleground)
What causes blue tongue disease?
Reoviridae
Name the 6 steps of the virus replication cycle
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis of viral components
Assembly
Release
What is antimicrobial stewardship?
AND
How is it achieved?
"Provide effective antimicrobial therapy whilst safeguarding antimicrobial effectivness for futuregenerations"
5 R's:
Reduction, Refinement, Replacement, Responsibility, Review
3 critical steps in identification of vet diagnostic bacteriology
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation
Heat, Swelling, Pain/itchy, Redness, Loss of Function (Rubor, Tumor, Calor, Dolor)
Reoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
What are the 4 "nature's antibiotics" secreted as an immune system response
Lysozyme
Transferrin
Lactoferrin
Antimicrobial Peptides
What is Nat's Dogs Name?
Molly
What is MALDI-TOF
Uses laser-absorbing matrix to create ions which can be detected by the machine. This detection produces a spectrum which can be compared to other bacterial profiles in a database. Used to identify species of bacteria.