Past Modal Form
Meaning and Use
Miscellaneous
Past Participles
Error Correction
100
A: I ______ (could/go) to the movies with you, but I decided to study instead. B: You didn't miss anything. You ________ (might/not/like) it anyway.
A: I COULD HAVE GONE to the movies with you, but I decided to study instead. B: You didn't miss anything. You MIGHT NOT HAVE LIKED it anyway.
100
List the modal verbs used to guess about a past situation when you don't have much proof. (3)
May (not) have, might (not) have, could have.
100

Which is the WRONG answer to this? A: I can't find my camera! I must've left it in the hotel! B: 1) You can't have. We searched the room before we left. 2) You might've left it in the car. Have you checked? 3) You can have left it by the bed.

'You can have left it by the bed'. 'Can' is not a modal of deduction.

100
1) Cut, 2) Put, and 3) Hurt
Answer: Cut, Put, Hurt
100

They can have called already.

'Can' is not a modal of deduction.

200
A: I __________ (should/not/drive) to work this morning. There was so much traffic. B: You ________ (should/take) the bus. It was empty.
A: I SHOULDN'T HAVE DRIVEN to work this morning. There was so much traffic. B: You SHOULD HAVE TAKEN the bus. It was empty.
200
When do you use "Must have", "have to have", and "Have Got to Have"?
To draw conclusions about the past when you are certain of something, and you believe there is only one logical explanation. Inferences.
200

Your great-great-great-grandfather sent you a letter.

He couldn't have sent me a letter. He died a very long time ago.

200
1) Bring, 2) Buy, and 3) Catch
Answer: Brought, Bought, Caught
200
When he could have called?
When could he have called?
300
A: She ______ (could/not/leave) yet. We're not that late. B: But she ______ (might/forget) to wait for us.
A: She COULDN'T HAVE LEFT yet. We're not that late. B: But she MIGHT HAVE FORGOTTEN to wait for us.
300
1) When I worked downtown, I (could buy/could have bought) fresh coffee on my way to the office, so I never made any at home in the morning. 2) I (could ride/could have ridden) my bicycle to school every day, but I never did because I was afraid of the traffic.
1) When I worked downtown, I COULD BUY fresh coffee on my way to the office, so I never made any at home in the morning. 2) I COULD HAVE RIDDEN my bicycle to school every day, but I never did because I was afraid of the traffic.
300

Use a past modal to say the same thing: 'It is not possible that John went home without me!'

John can't have gone home without me!

300
1) Sit, 2) Stand, and 3) Fly
Answer: Sat, Stood, Flown
300

Joseph must have forget about the party.

Joseph must have forgotten about the party.

400
A: You ______ (must/have) a great time last night. I heard you come in at 2:00 a.m. B: It was great. you ______ (should/stop by) after you left the library. You ______ (could/hear) the new band.
A: You MUST HAVE HAD a great time last night. I heard you come in at 2:00 a.m. B: It was great. you SHOULD HAVE STOPPED BY after you left the library. You COULD HAVE HEARD the new band.
400
1) I should have told you. a) I think I made a mistake b) I'm sorry that I didn't tell you. 2) I couldn't have passed my driver's test. I didn't practice at all! a) I'm surprised that I passed. b) I didn't pass.
1) I should have told you. a) TRUE b) TRUE 2) I couldn't have passed my driver's test. I didn't practice at all! a) TRUE b) FALSE
400

Use a past modal to say the same thing: 'I am pretty sure the burglar got in through the kitchen window.'

The burglar must have got in throught the kitchen window.

400

1) Drink, 2) Forget, and 3) Hide

Answer: Drunk, Forgotten, Hidden

400
She must have a cold yesterday.
She must have had a cold yesterday.
500
A: I lost my keys last night. I ______ (might/leave) them at your house. B: No, you ______ (could/not). You drove home with them. A: That's right. Then I ______ (must/drop) them after I parked the car. B: You ______ (might/lock) them in your car. Have you checked?
A: I lost my keys last night. I MIGHT HAVE LEFT them at your house. B: No, you COULDN'T HAVE. You drove home with them. A: That's right. Then I MUST HAVE DROPPED them after I parked the car. B: You MIGHT HAVE LOCKED them in your car. Have you checked?
500
You were in a hurry at the post office. You sent an expensive birthday gift to your aunt. She never received it, and you did not insure it.
I should have insured my aunt's birthday gift. I shouldn't have been in such a hurry.
500

Use a past modal to say the same thing: 'Perhaps Jane left work already.'

Jane may/might have left work already.

500

1) Shine, 2) Get, and 3) Become

Answer: Shone, Got, Become

500
I should have asked him. I'm sorry that I did.
I shouldn't have asked him. I'm sorry that I did. I should have asked him. I'm sorry that I didn't.
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