Atomic Structure
What two kinds of particles are located in the nucleus of atoms?
protons and neutrons
What are the columns on the periodic table called? What do they have in common?
groups They have the the same number of valence electrons?
the number of protons in the atom
atomic number
What type of bonding involves the attraction of oppositely charged ions? What types of elements are involved?
Ionic bonding; metal and nonmetal
Tiny negatively charged particles located outside of the nucleus
Electrons
What are the horizontal (side to side) rows of the periodic table called? What do they have in common?
periods- They have the same number of energy levels
the total number of protons and neutrons
mass number
Atoms with low numbers of valence electrons will ___________ electrons and form __________ ions.
lose electrons; positive ions
Electrons are shared equally by atoms
Nonpolar covalent bond
What are the electrons on the outer occupied energy level called? Why are they important?
They are valence electrons? They are involved in bonding.
What element has 31 protons?
Gallium
What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?
Isotopes
Atoms with high numbers of valence electrons will _________ electrons and form __________ ions.
gain electrons and form negative ions
electrons are shared unequally to complete the octet resulting in molecules with partial positive areas and partial negative areas
Polar Covalent
In a Bohr model of the atom, what are the circles around the nucleus called?
energy levels, or electron shells?
How many valence electrons does polonium (atomic # 84) have?
6 valence electrons
What is an atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus has a charge?
ion
Vocab word: What are atoms trying to 'get' when they form chemical bonds? (Hint: They are happy when they have X electrons)
What is an Octet?
Has very high melting points and boiling points; can dissolve in polar substances; cannot conduct electricity as a solid, but can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Ionic substances
An ion has 16 protons and 16 neutrons in the nucleus. It has 2 electrons on the first energy level, 8 on the second energy level and 8 on the third energy level. Determine atomic symbol, the charge of and the mass number of the ion.
S
Charge 2-Mass #32
What charge will iodine (atomic # 53) have as an ion?
1-
Atoms held together by covalent bonds form a
molecule
Which group on the periodic table don't react because they already have a stable octet (or duet)
Group 18
Why don't oil and water mix?
Oil is a nonpolar substance. Water is a polar substance. Due to the attraction of the partial polar charges, the nonpolar molecules are excluded from mixing with the polar substances