nervous system
What type of seizure the patient remains conscious with a period of confusion afterwards?
Focal seizure
What are clinical manifestations of adequate perfusion?
Pink warm skin, capillary refill less than 3seconds
What test can tell you if a patient has had a heart attack (myocardial infarction)?
Troponin
What are clinical manifestations of a pulmonary embolus?
chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia, decreased O2 sats, cyanosis, shortness of breath, abnormal lung sounds, cough, palpations, anixety
What is the clinical manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism?
Tetany, hypocalcemia causes nerve membrane excitability
Lack of blood and oxygen to the brain due to vessel damage is what type of dementia?
Vascular Dementia
Clinical manifestations of anemia?
pernicious lack of vit B12 numbness or tingling extremities
sickle cell remain hydrated to avoid sickling of cells
iron- eat foods high in iron
What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?
Blood pressure, diet, obesity, genes, ethnicity
What is emphysema?
Form of COPD with hypercapnia where gas exchange is disrupted and expiration is difficult due to alveoli being permanently inflated.
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia, muscle weakness, increased urine output, kidney stones
What is a change in the action of neurons causing random electrical signals?
Seizures
What is the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes?
type 1 destruction of beta cells preventing the release of insulin
type 2 not enough insulin or resistance to insufficient amount of insulin released
both result in hyperglycemia 3p's
What is the patho for cardiac dysrhythmias?
Irregular or abnormal electrical signals that may cause the heart to contract too quickly, slowly, or in abnormal direction. most common Afib most deadly Vfib or Vtach
What is status asthmaticus another name for?
Extreme Asthma attack that is life threatening occuring when asthma does not respond to treatments such as breathing treatments and inhalers
What are the clinical manifestations of SIADH?
increased ADH, Concentrated urine, oliguria, fluid retention, edema, hyponatremia,
Chemical messengers that move messages from PNS to the brain?
Neurotransmitters
What are the clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
very high BG over 300 with ketones in urine, fruity breath, dehydration, poor skin turgor, dry mouth, weak thready pulse, tachycardia,
What is the patho for a Myocardial infarction?
total obstruction of a coronary artery resulting in necrosis of the heart muscle cells.
What is Atelectasis?
Collapse of the alveoli which causes the entire lung to collapse leading to a dysfunction in ventilation and perfusion
What are the clinical manifestations of Diabetes insipdus?
not enough ADH polyuria diluted urine, hypernatremia, dehydration
Signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?
Lethargy, restlessness, irritability, confusion, and changes in LOC or speech.
You patient has cold clammy skin, diaphoresis, light headed with tachycardia skipped breakfast and was given insulin What complication is occurring?
Hypoglycemia
What electrolyte can affect the heart causing dysrhythmias?
Potassium imbalance of hypo or hyperkalemia
Clinical manifestations of COPD?
decreased lung sounds, shortness of breath, clubbing of nails, use of accessory muscles, increased a/p diameter, pursed lip breathing, cough, wheezing, orthopnea, frequent infections
What is the clinical manifestations for hypothyroidism?
Lack of thyroid hormone slow down, lethargy, weight gain, risk for myxedema