Definitions
tissue perfusion
blood back up where
into the lungs
blood backs up where
systemic venous circulation
this mechanism deals with increases HR and contractability, and vasoconstriction
sympathetic nervous system activation
Represents the period of ventricular depolarization when the ventricles are fully contracted and there is no electrical activity.
ST segment
the electrical resetting of the heart's ventricles after they have contracted
ventricular repolarization
what are some common causes of LHF
Hypertension, coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction, valvular disease
common causes of RHF
left sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, rv infarction
this mechanism deals with sodium and water retention and increases preload. vasoconstriction increases afterload
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS
Represents ventricular repolarization, the process of the ventricles resetting electrically after contraction.
T wave
amount of blood pumped by ventricles per minute
cardiac output
what are some signs you can see on a pt experiencing LHF
fatigue, weakness, tachycardia, cool/ pale skin, decreased pulses
TIRED, HIGH HR, LOW PULSE, COLD SKIN
clinical manifestations of RHF
peripheral edema, JVD, weight gain, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, abdominal distention, nocturia
this mechanism deals with myocardial hypertrophy and dilated ventricles with worsening contractility
ventricular remodeling
Represents the total duration of ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
QT interval
cardiac output formular
heart rate x stroke volume
there is a possible gallop of what
S3
there is a possible 4th sound heard, what is the name of that sound. hint: tennesee
S4
this mechanism is a counter-regulatory mechanism that promotes diuresis and vasodilation.
Natriuretic Peptides Release (BNP, ANP)
Hyperkalemia shows what on EKG
tall peaked t waves
difficulty breathing that occurs when lying flat, relieved by sitting or standing up
orthopnea
when pulmonary congestion occurs during LHF what are some signs/ symptoms of it
crackles, rales, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion
function of right side
Collects deoxygenated blood and sends it to the lungs.
what peptide increases when heart failure occurs
BNP
Ischemia shows what on EKG
Infarcation shows what on EKG
st depression
st elevation