CELLULAR
CLUES
CLUES
This term describes the body maintaining a stable internal environment despite change
What is homeostasis?
This procedure removes cells or tissue for microscopic examination to help diagnose cancer.
What is a biopsy?
This fluid compartment is located inside the cells and contains about two-thirds of total body water.
What is intracellular fluid?
These organs regulate acid–base balance by controlling carbon dioxide elimination.
What are the lungs?
This mediator causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, contributing to redness and swelling.
What is histamine?
Intact skin, mucous membranes, and protective secretions make up this defense level.
What is the first line of defense?
A casted leg loses muscle mass over several weeks; name this cellular adaptation.
What is atrophy?
This describes how abnormal tumor cells look under a microscope, rather than how far cancer has spread.
This hormone promotes kidney water reabsorption and decreases urine output.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
Hypoventilation causes CO₂ retention and this acid–base disorder.
What is respiratory acidosis?
Thick drainage containing inflammatory cells and debris is this type of exudate.
What is purulent exudate?
The time from pathogen exposure until symptoms appear is called this.
What is the incubation period?
Unlike hyperplasia, this adaptation increases the size—not the number—of cells.
What is hypertrophy?
This blood-forming tissue produces red cells, white cells, and platelets.
What is bone marrow?
Low albumin reduces this inward-pulling pressure, contributing to edema.
What is plasma oncotic pressure?
Repeated vomiting can cause this acid–base disorder because gastric acid is lost.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Compared with acute inflammation, this response persists and often involves macrophages and lymphocytes.
What is chronic inflammation?
Receiving immune globulin provides this type of immunity because preformed antibodies are given.
What is passive immunity?
This orderly form of programmed cell death typically does not trigger major inflammation.
What is apoptosis?
A child inherits one pathogenic gene variant from each carrier parent; this inheritance pattern requires two affected copies.
What is autosomal recessive inheritance?
A patient has abdominal fluid accumulation, tachycardia, low blood pressure, and low urine output; this fluid shift is called this.
What is third spacing?
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a classic cause of this acid–base disorder.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This phagocytic cell engulfs debris and pathogens and helps coordinate tissue repair.
What is a macrophage?
Antibiotics do not treat viruses because viruses lack these bacterial drug targets, such as cell walls and bacterial ribosomes.
What are bacterial-specific structures or processes?
Prolonged hypoxia reduces this energy molecule, causing ion pump failure and cellular swelling.
What is ATP?
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy is an example of this type of fetal-development hazard.
What is a teratogen?
Weakness, constipation, and cardiac dysrhythmias may indicate low serum levels of this electrolyte.
What is potassium (hypokalemia)?
The fight-or-flight response is activated during this initial stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
What is the alarm stage?
A patient with diabetes, poor perfusion, and inadequate protein intake is at risk for this wound outcome.
What is delayed wound healing?
Unlike immunodeficiency, this disorder occurs when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.
What is autoimmunity (an autoimmune disorder)?