What is Emphysema?
Alveoli burst and fuse into enlarged airspaces. Surface area for gas exchange is reduced. (reduced flexibility of alveoli walls)
List the normal blood gas values.
What is the most common cause of death in AIDS patients?
Pneumocysitis PNA
Singulair (montelukast) works to?
Blocks leukotriene receptors. Prevents inflammatory changes, reduce inflammatory symptoms, mucous production and airway wall edema that all result in bronchoconstriction.
What GI symptoms can patients experience during chemotherapy?
Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Anorexia, Mucositis.
This is hyperreactive airway disease of bronchioles
Asthma
A client with a history of lung disease is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. The nurse would assess the patient for which signs and symptom characteristics of the disorder?
1. Bradycardia and hyperactivity
2. Decreased respiratory rate and depth
3. Headache, restlessness, and confusion
4. Bradypnea, dizziness, and parasthesias
3. Headache, restlessness, and confusion
What is the goal of HAART Therapy?
To suppress viral load, slow decline of CD-4 cells, reduce chances of opportunistic
infection, and improve survival rates while
maintaining QOL
What are the 3 drug classes of DMARDs?
Include immunosuppresants agents,
immunomodulators, antimalarials
What does intrathecal mean?
Injection into the spinal canal or into the subarachnoid space
so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What type of inhaler is Albuterol and what is its mechanism of action?
A short acting beta antagonist. Selective Beta-2 agonist that causes bronchodilation with a rapid onset
The physician would order a bicarb drip on a patient who had which abnormal blood gas?
Metabolic Acidosis
Should a patient with a viral load of 45,000 receive HAART therapy for AIDS?
No! A patient with a viral load of >55,000 qualifies for treatment.
What is Neupogen prescribed for and what would you tell you patient to expect as a symptom?
Neupogen is prescribed to increase WBC's and patients can expect to feel bone pain.
Sarcoma is a malignancy of?
Connective tissue
How can prednisone be administered
PO, IVP, Inhaler
PH: 7.38 PCO2: 33 HCO3:12
Metabolic Acidosis
What is the line of treatment for Anaphylaxis?
• Epinephrine
• Glucocorticoids
• Antihistamines
• Oxygen
• Stabilize BP
How does Methotrexate work?
By increases adenosine levels promoting an
overall anti-inflammatory state
What are 3 side effects of Neumega (oprelvekin) that would require stopping the medication?
Fluid retention, cardiac dysrhythmias, blurred vision.
What are the 5 different types of Pneumothorax and what causes each of them?
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (most common in tall men 10-30yrs old), secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (occurs in patients with pre-existing lung disease), traumatic (caused by thoracic wounds), tension (escalating build up of air within the lung space), Iatrogenic (complication of medical procedures)
Metabolic Acidosis, The body recognizes fasting as starvation and begins to metabolize its own proteins into ketones, which are metabolic acids.
What is the CD4 cell count for category 3 HOV/AIDS?
<200
How does Humara work?
It disrupts the inflammatory process and delays disease progression by blocking interlukin 1 (IL-1) and
neutralize tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
What is Epogen and when is it contraindicated?
Increases RBC, Contraindicated if HGB is 11 or more or the patient has uncontrolled BP.