YOU
Down syndrome is an example of what type of disorder
chromosomal disorder
During the stress response, endorphins act as
pain blockers
I occur as a result of a dystrophin defect that leads to the degeneration and necrosis of cells, replacement of skeletal muscle fibers with fat and fibrinous connective tissue causing a gradual loss of muscle function. What disorder am I?
Muscular Dystrophy
Discuss the types of headaches
Sinus, Tension, Temporal, Migraine, Intracranial
Migraine Headache
Abnormal changes in blood flow and metabolism in the brain
agents that cause damage during the embryonic or fetal development are called
teratogenic
What is a potential complication of prolonged stress
renal failure, perforating stomach ulcers, infection, impeded healing, PTSD, HTN, headaches
State the causes of pain
Infection
Ischemia/tissue necrosis Stretching tissue
Chemicals
Burns
Describe the methods of pain management
Pharmacological
- Analgesics (NSAIDS, Oxy, morphine)
- Anesthetics (local, general, relative/neurolept, spinal)
Nonpharmacological Acupuncture
Distraction
Meditation
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Intracranial Headache
very often due simply to vasodilation of blood vessels causing an increase in pressure within the brain
Give 3 common manifestations of Down's Syndrome
congenital heart disease
large protruding tongue
limited intellectual development
single palmar crease
brushfield spots
epicanthic folds
small ears
flat/round face
upward slanting eyes
duodenal atresia
gap between 1st and 2nd toes
What factors may affect how someone perceives stress
the presence of several stressors at once, past experiences, lack of effective coping mechanisms
Relate the methods of pain control to gate-control therapy
A "closed gate" reduces or modifies the passage of pain impulses
An "opened gate" permits pain impulses to pass
Sinus Headache
Eye and forehead areas; congested sinuses
Compare dislocations, sprains, and strains.
Sprain=Ligament
Strain=Tendon
Dislocation=loss of contact between articulating bone surfaces
the laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called __________
genetic engineering
what hormone is increased at the first sign odd stress?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Compare referred and phantom pain
Referred: perceived at a site distant from the source (heart attack causing neck or arm pain)
Phantom: felt after amputations (amputated appendage will itch, tingle, or ache)
Tension Headache
Emotional stress causing muscle tension/spasm
Describe The common bone tumors
Osteosarcoma: Metaphysis; legs
Ewing Sarcoma: Diaphysis; any long bones
the study of the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes is called ________________
proteomics
Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome concept, which is also known as
Fight or flight
Compare acute and chronic pain
Chronic: pain does not go away after body should have healed; no regular treatments work; new pain relief being developed; generalized; debilitating
Acute: nonprescription medications; localized or generalized; short term
Temporal Headache
Usually, TMJ
Describe the characteristics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
child waddles, Gower Maneuver, motor weakness