Cardiovascular
DOUBLE POINTS
A patient with left-sided heart failure is having difficulty breathing. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
Assist the patient into High Fowler's position.
Patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema can MOST COMMONLY experience what type of acid-base imbalance?
Low oxygen level and high carbon dioxide level
You're educating a patient about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Select the option that is incorrect about this condition:
TIAs produce signs and symptoms that can last for several weeks to months.
You're educating the parents of a 12 year-old, who was recently treated for sickle cell crisis, on ways to prevent further sickle cell crises in the further. Which statement by the parents demonstrates they understood your instructions?
"We will avoid traveling to high altitude locations."
DOUBLE POINTS
A patient is admitted with complaints of palpations, excessive sweating, and unable to tolerate heat. In addition, the patient voices concern about how her appearance has changed over the past year. The patient presents with protruding eyeballs and pretibial myxedema on the legs and feet. Which of the following is the likely cause of the patient's signs and symptoms?
Grave's Disease
24-36 hours after a myocardial infarction _____________ congregate at the site during the inflammation phase.
Neutrophils
Which of the following is a LATE sign of the development of a tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation
Your patient who had a stroke has issues with understanding speech. What type of aphasia is this patient experiencing and what area of the brain is affected?
Receptive; Wernicke's area
You're caring for a patient with Parkinson's Disease that has tremors. Select the option that is INCORRECT about tremors experienced in this disease:
The tremors are most likely to occur with purposeful movements.
Which of the following patients is at most risk for Type 2 diabetes?
A. A 6 year old girl recovering from a viral infection with a family history of diabetes.
B. A 28 year old male with a BMI of 49.
C. A 76 year old female with a history of cardiac disease.
D. None of the options provided.
A 28 year old male with a BMI of 49.
Which patient below is at MOST risk for developing cardiogenic shock?
A 49-year-old female who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction.
DOUBLE POINTS
An alarm beeps notifying you that one of your patient's oxygen saturation is reading 89%. You arrive to the patient's room, and see the patient comfortably resting in bed watching television. The patient is already on 2 L of oxygen via nasal cannula. The patient is admitted for COPD exacerbation. Your next nursing action would be:
Continue to monitor the patient
You’re assessing a patient who recently experienced a focal type seizure (partial seizure). As the nurse, you know that which statement by the patient indicates the patient may have experienced a focal impaired awareness (complex partial) seizure?
“My friend reported that during the seizure I was staring off and rubbing my hands together, but I don’t remember doing this.”
DOUBLE POINITS
Most common causative agent of a UTI?
E. coli
What statement or statements are INCORRECT regarding Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
A. DKA occurs mainly in Type 1 diabetics.
B. Ketones are present in the urine in DKA.
C. Cheyne-stokes breathing will always present in DKA.
D. Severe hypoglycemia is a hallmark sign in DKA.
E. Options C & D
Options C & D
C. Cheyne-stokes breathing will always be present in DKA.
D. Severe hypoglycemia is a hallmark sign in DKA.
A patient is 36 hours status post a myocardial infarction. The patient is starting to complain of chest pain when they lay flat or cough. You note on auscultation of the heart a grating, harsh sound. What complication is this patient mostly likely suffering from?
Pericarditis
A patient is admitted with a chest wound and experiencing extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. The chest wound is located on the left mid-axillary area of the chest. On assessment, you note there is unequal rise and fall of the chest with absent breath sounds on the left side. You also note a "sucking" sound when the patient inhales and exhales. The patient's chest x-ray shows a pneumothorax. What type of pneumothorax is this known as?
Open pneumothorax
A 7-year-old male patient is being evaluated for seizures. While in the child’s room talking with the child’s parents, you notice that the child appears to be daydreaming. You time this event to be 10 seconds. After 10 seconds, the child appropriately responds and doesn’t recall the event. This is known as what type of seizure?
Absence
Lab values: pH 7.41, paCo2 26, HCO3 17
respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated
A patient is admitted to the ER. The patient is unconscious on arrival. However, the patient’s family is with the patient and reports that before the patient became unconscious she was complaining of severe pain in the abdomen, legs, and back, and has been experiencing worsening confusion. In addition, they also report the patient has not been taking any medications. The patient was recently discharged from the hospital for treatment of low cortisol and aldosterone levels. On assessment, you note the patient’s blood pressure is 70/45. What disorder is this patient most likely experiencing?
Addison Crisis
A patient is admitted with chest pain to the ER. The patient has been in the ER for 5 hours and is being admitted to your unit for overnight observation. From the options below, what is the most IMPORTANT information to know about this patient at this time?
Troponin result and when the next troponin level is due to be collected
You are the nurse on a med surg floor caring for a client admitted with COPD. The client is using his accessory muscles to breathe and is becoming tired. What is your priority action for this client?
A. Lower the head of bed
B. Call the HCP
C. Administer oxygen at 100%
D. Educate the client on pursed lip breathing
Educate the client on pursed lip breathing
Your patient has a history of epilepsy. While helping the patient to the restroom, the patient reports having this feeling of déjà vu and seeing spots in their visual field. Your next nursing action is to?
Lay the patient down on their side with a pillow underneath the head.
A 14-year-old female has sickle cell anemia. Which factors below can increase the patient’s risk for developing sickle cell crisis? Select all that apply:
A patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is being discharged home and you are teaching them about preventing DKA. What statement by the patient demonstrates they understood your teaching about this condition?
"It is important I check my blood glucose every 3-4 hours when I'm sick and consume liquids."