Electrolyte Norms
What is the normal range for sodium?
135 to 145 mEq/L
What are Neutropenic Precautions?
No fresh fruit, unpasteurized foods, fresh flowers, or live plants
Wear full PPE to protect the PATIENT not to prevent self from infection
This condition is characterized by plaque buildup in arteries and is the leading cause of CAD and CVA
Atherosclerosis
What are the symptoms of an influenza infection?
Fever, chills, malaise, muscle aches, headache, watery nasal discharge, non-productive cough, sore throat
What is vesicoureteral reflux?
When urine backflows from the bladder up the ureters
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5 to 5 mEq/L
What is DIC?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Causes bleeding and microemboli formation that blocks vessels
Seen in OB conditions, cancers, infection and sepsis, and trauma
What are the 3 myocardial I's?
1. Ischemia
2. Injury (reversible)
3. Infarction (nonreversible)
Chronic cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, lung crackles, weight loss, anorexia, low-grade fever, and night sweats are symptoms of what infection?
Tuberculosis
What are the treatments for renal calculi?
Ureteroscopic removal
Percutaneous removal
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
What is the normal range for magnesium?
1.8 to 3 mg/dL
This is a hereditary bleeding disorder where most cases are mild and require no treatment
von Willebrand Disease
What are the 3 Percutaneous Coronary Interventions?
2. PCTA (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) balloon
3. CABG
What is a hallmark sign of COPD?
Barrel chest
Which of the following is a lower UTI and an upper UTI?
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Lower - cystitis
Upper - pyelonephritis
What is the normal range for calcium?
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
What is thrombocytosis and what is it caused by?
Platelet count over 1,000,000/mcL
Caused by surgery, infection, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's Disease
What is preload and afterload?
Preload - volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole
Afterload - amount of resistance ventricle must overcome to pump blood out of the heart
What condition do survivors of viral pneumonitis develop?
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Tenderness at the CVA angle indicates what kind of infection?
Acute pyelonephritis
What is the normal range for bicarbonate (HCO3)?
24 to 31 mEq/L
What are the 5 stages of hemostasis?
1. Vascular constriction
2. Platelet plug
3. Blood coagulation (fibrin clot)
4. Clot retraction
5. Clot dissolution (fibrinolysis)
What are the signs and symptoms of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (PAD)?
Intermittent claudication (pain with walking)
Thinning of leg skin
Pedal and popliteal pulses weak/absent
Limb blanches with elevation, deep red when dependent
Ulceration/gangrene
What are 3 interventions for someone with ARDS?
1. Intubation
2. Mechanical ventilation
3. Prone position
What's the difference between Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephritic Syndrome - glomerular inflammation following strep infection
Nephrotic Syndrome - massive proteinuria and lipiduria, hypoalbuminemia