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When cervical cells undergo this, there is a change in their size, shape, and organization.
dysplasia
In apoptosis, cells are programmed to do this.
Die
This is a decrease or shrinkage in cellular size.
Atrophy
This is the sum of cellular changes after local cell death.
Necrosis
A normal decrease in cell size is known as this.
physiologic atrophy
The presence of this in the urine in significant amounts indicates cellular injury and altered cellular function.
protein
When cells are deprived of oxygen, it leads to this, which is a reduction in blood supply to tissues.
ischemia
This occurs primarily in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands and commonly results from hypoxia.
Coagulative necrosis
This is an increase in the number of cells.
Hyperplasia
When ____ and ____ enter the cell freely, cellular swelling, as well as early dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, results.
sodium and water
Heavy, edged instruments (axes, hatchets, propeller blades) produce these types of wounds with a combination of sharp and blunt force characteristics.
chopping wounds
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in reduced ______ ______.
protein synthesis
This type of wound is a cut that is longer than it is deep.
incised wound
An intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C, examination of the liver reveals cell death secondary to this.
infection-induced apoptosis
This type of wound is without sharp edges and is made with an instrument like a nail.
puncture wound
Russell bodies occur due to excess aggregates of this
protein
This type of wound is a penetrating sharp-force injury that is deeper than it is long.
stab wound
This is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, sometimes a less differentiated cell type.
Metaplasia
This is due to enzymatic action and because cells of the brain are rich in hydrolytic enzymes and lipids.
Liquefactive necrosis
This is the death of the whole person.
Somatic death
This is loss of muscle mass associated with aging
Sarcopenia
This results from tuberculosis pulmonary infection, on examination, tissues were soft and granular.
Caseous necrosis
A _____ is bleeding into the skin or underlying tissues.
contusion
This occurs when blood is between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain; it can result from blows, falls, or sudden acceleration/deceleration of the head.
subdural hematoma
Squeezing of the neck as with ____ _____ would fracture the hyoid bone.
manual strangulation
This is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura; it is most often associated with a skull fracture.
epidural hematoma
hypertrophy is a compensatory _____ in the size of cells in response to mechanical stimuli
increase
this is a distinctive type of wound where there is searing of the edges of the wound from flame and soot or smoke on the edges of the wound
contact range entrance wound
_____ is wasting syndrome of gaining, making the individual vulnerable to falls, functional decline, disease, and death.
Frailty
Increased ___ _____ levels activate cell enzymes (caspases) that promote cell injury and death by apoptosis.
intracellular calcium
Confirmation of this is based on complete cessation of respiration and circulation.
somatic death
This is a special type of gangrene caused by infection of injured tissue by one of many species of Clostridium.
gas gangrene
A reduction in this causes the plasma membrane’s sodium–potassium (Na+ −K+) pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail
ATP levels
this causes the formation of radicals that cause further membrane damage and mitochondrial calcium overload.
oxidative stress
A thickening of the endometrial lining is a result of this.
hormonal hyperplasia
this is cellular changes due to imbalances
Pathologic hyperplasia
Heavy and binge drinking can cause multiple effects, including
Hepatic steatosis, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and neurocognitive brain changes
After ingestion of lead, the organ systems primarily affected include {there are 4}
Hematopoietic, Brain, Gastrointestinal, and Kidneys
Symptoms related to carbon monoxide poisoning include ____, ___, _____, _____, _____, and _____.
Headache, Giddiness, Tinnitus, Nausea, Weakness, and vomiting.
This is responsible for the color changes in a black eye.
Hemosiderin