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This is the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is Maternal nondisjunction?
This gene abnormality causes Cystic fibrosis.
What is Autosomal recessive?
During this stage of human development the role of epigenetics has the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities.
What is in utero?
A body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg is measuring this
Pregnancy in women over the age of 35 is a risk factor for this.
What is Down syndrome?
The thymus decreases in size during childhood is referred to as this type of atrophy?
What is Physiologic?
This type of cellular adaptation is a an abnormal condition where one cell type transforms into another, often as a response to environmental stress.
What is metaplasia?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited though a trait that is ____________.
What is X-linked recessive?
This means increase in size.
What is hypertrophy?
this phase of catabolism produces the most ATP.
What is Citric acid cycle?
Potassium and sodium are transported across the plasma membranes by this.
what is adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)?
When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, this factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers.
What is environmental stressors?
This cellular function is when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy.
What is respiration?
When subjected to ___________ neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into functional neurons.
What is ethanol?
RN directs the synthesis of protein by this.
What is translation?
An absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present is indicative of this medical diagnosis.
What is Turner syndrome?
What is Paracrine?
5-Azacytidine has demonstrated promise in the treatment of this form of cancer.
What is Pancreatic?
This is the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary?
what is hydrostatic pressure?
This description accurately describes electrolytes.
What is electrically charged molecules?
These are the base component of DNA.
What are A, G, C, and T?
In a DNA strand which bases complement each other?
What is A complements T and G complements C?
The basic components of DNA are a ________, ________ and __________.
What are phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases?
This region of the cell is where most of the genetic information is contained.
What is the nucleus?
What is hormonal hyperplasia?
This is observed under a microscope to have supercoiled DNA with histones.
What is a nucleus?
A patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome has an increased risk for developing this.
What is cancer?
Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell_________.
What is size?
Mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins have been shown to influence the development of this congenital condition
What is heart disease?
This is the condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell.
What is partial trisomy?
cancerous region of the liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo this.
What is compensatory hyperplasia?
Elderly are higher risk for developing dehydration because of this.
What is decreased muscle mass?
In a patient with metastatic cancer, an alteration in the extracellular matrix is this.
What is decreased fibronectin?
A deficiency of _________ can cause muscles to fatigue and unable to contract.
What is ATP?
The principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of this electrolyte
What is sodium?
The most likely cause of a chronic renal failure patient having edema is this.
What is Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure?
Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells is identified as this type of change.
What is dysplasia?
The body is _____ percent water by weight.
What is 60?
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries should be assessed in a patient with this.
What is liver failure?
Muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death is known as this.
What is rigor mortis?
This alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space.
What is increased interstitial oncotic pressure?
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by this.
What is osmotic forces?
Secretion of ADH is stimulated by this.
What is increased plasma osmolality?
Cerebral edema would be an example of this.
What is localized edema?
Secretion of aldosterone results in this
What is increased blood volume?
What is subdural hematoma?
A deficiency is this substance could directly affect would healing.
What is ascorbic acid?
Blood plasma is located in this fluid compartment.
What is Intravascular fluid?
During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as this
What is acute phase reactants?
This can occur due to excessive hormonal stimulation or other effector cell growth factors; example: excessive menstrual bleeding because of endometrial changes due to hormonal imbalances
What is pathologic hyperplasia?