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This part of the cell is observed has having supercoiled DNA with histones.
What is the nucleus?
This phase of catabolism produces the most ATP.
What is Citric Acid Cycle?
Basic components of DNA are ________, ________, _______.
What is a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases?
This is the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is Maternal nondisjunction?
this factor is being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers.
What is environmental stressors?
Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in this.
What is muscle cell size?
Chest pain can likely be due to hypoxic injury secondary to this.
What is ischemia?
This can cause fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage.
What is manual strangulation?
This organ system should be monitored when the patient has long-term potassium deficits.
What is kidneys?
What is Respiration?
These are the phases of cellular catabolism.
What is digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle?
This mutation has the most significant effect on protein synthesis.
What is frameshift mutations?
This is a risk factor for Down syndrome.
What is a pregnancy in women over age 35?
Housekeeping genes are _____ ____.
What is transcriptionally active?
When the thymus decreases in size, this is referred to as this type of atrophy.
What is physiologic?
This process can be caused by a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury, that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles.
What is necrosis?
This processes contributes to the development of swelling.
What is NA+ movement into the cell?
Excessive use of this could cause hypokalemia.
What is laxatives?
This region of the cell is where most of the genetic information will be contained.
What is the Nucleolus?
This process will facilitate continued muscle performance in a runner after depleting all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
What is Anaerobic glycolysis?
These are the base components of DNA.
What is A, G, C, and T?
This diagnosis is associated with an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present.
What is Turner syndrome?
This is a characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome but NOT of Angelman syndrome.
What is inherited from the father?
This is an increase in the size of individual muscle cells, leading to a larger overall muscle mass.
What is hypertrophy?
Sodium and water accumulate in an injured cell because of this.
What is decreased ATP production?
Elderly individuals are higher risk for developing dehydration because of this.
What is a decreased muscle mass?
A patient that has a diagnoses of renal failure should be assessed for ______ and ______.
What is hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis?
This removes proteins attached to the cell's bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
What is the integral membrane proteins?
This is the term used to identify the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration.
What is diffusion?
These components of DNA complement each other in the DNA sequence.
What is A & T; and C & G?
This genetic disorder is the result if an individual possess an XXY chromosome configuration?
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
Neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to this.
What is ethanol?
The result in this type of cellular adaptation is when stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells
What is metaplasia?
Early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in this.
What is reduced protein synthesis?
This is the total body water for a 70kg person.
What is 42L?
(total body water = 60% of body weight)
A patient with metabolic acidosis will compensate by doing this.
What is hyperventilating?
This can bind to plasma membrane receptors.
What is Ligands?
Electrolytes are ____ ____ ____.
What is Electrically charge molecules?
RNA directs the synthesis of protein by this.
What is translation?
This genetic disorder causes severe mental retardation that is caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5.
What is Cri du Chat syndrome?
This is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?
What is DNA damage is left unrepaired?
In the pregnant patient, mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of this.
What is hormonal hyperplasia?
When blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of this.
What is oxidation stress?
What is sodium?
Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell _____.
What is size?
With metastatic cancer, the alternation in the extracellular matrix is that it has ________ _______.
What is decreased fibronectin?
Oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by this.
What is plasma proteins?
This results from homologous chromosomes failing to separated during meiosis.
What is nondisjunction?
This genetic principle is the reason people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease.
What is Expressivity?
This congenital condition develops from mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins.
What is heart disease?
Excessive menstrual bleeding, causing endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances causes this type of cellular change.
What is pathologic hyperplasia?
These are signs of carbon monoxide poisoning.
What is headache, nausea, weakness, tinnitus and vomiting?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure can cause this.
What is edema?
hypertrophy is __________.
What is an increase in cell size?
This is the cell communication that is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact.
What is the Cell Junction?
This is the lab result of osmolality.
What is 300mOsm/kg?
This type of cell does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes.
What is an aneuploid cell?
This gene abnormality causes Cystic fibrosis.
What is Autosomal recessive?
This is the embryonic stem cell characteristic referred to as totipotent.
What is ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell?
If a patient with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C has the cancerous region of the liver removed, the remaining cells would undergo this.
What is compensatory hyperplasia?
Irreversible cell injury involves this.
What is increased intracellular calcium?
An example of this type of edema is cerebral edema.
What is localized edema?
Ischemia can be secondary to this.
What is a hypoxic injury?
When the pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, it inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of this specific signaling type.
What is Paracrine?
This is the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.
What is Hydrostatic pressure?
A fetus that has 92 chromosomes is known as this condition.
What is tetraploidy?
Prader-Willi syndrome is an example of this.
What is genomic imprinting?
5-Azacytidine has demonstrated promise in the treatment of this form of cancer.
What is Pancreatic?
What is Dysplasia?
This type of injury is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain.
What is subdural hematoma?
Increased plasma osmolality stimulates the secretion of this.
What is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles is termed ________.
What is necrosis?
In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a _______.
What is Substrate?
Potassium and sodium are transported across the plasma membranes by this.
What is adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)?
This condition is when an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell.
What is a partial trisomy?
A patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy inherited the condition through this trait.
What is x-linked recessive?
During this stage of human development does the role of epigenetics has the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities.
What is in utero?
Epigenetic modifications can results from deficient in utero nutrition causing these chronic diseases. (there are 3)
What is Obesity, Cardiovascular disease and diabetes?
This type of wound is a clean, straight cut caused by a sharp edge that is longer than it is deep.
What is an incised wound?
Increased blood volume results in secretion of this.
What is aldosterone?
A CT that shows a subdural hematoma will show this.
What is blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain?
A deficiency of this can result in muscles feeling fatigue and not able to contract after an athlete runs a marathon.
What is ATP?
This type of transport moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction.
What is symport?
Chromosomal mosaic means that a patient may have this.
What is a mild form of the genetic disease(s)?
Cystic fibrosis can be the result of this.
What is consanguinity?
An individual diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome has an increased risk of developing this.
What is cancer?
Screening tools are epigenetically based show promise in diagnosing these types of cancers. (there are 4)
What is colon, breast, bladder and prostate?
A wound that has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments caused by a gunshot wound to the head would be documented as this.
What is contact range entrance?
A patient with dehydration is most at risk for developing this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypernatremia?
A patient with a tumor that secretes ADH would have these assessment findings. (there are 4)
What is confusion, muscle twitching, nausea and weakness?