A
This autoimmune disease is characterized by fever, joint pain, and a butterfly rash across the face.
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
This is often associated with this set of symptoms: wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Acute bronchitis
This substance is typically elevated in the blood following a myocardial infarction.
What is cardiac troponin?
This neurodegenerative disease progresses from chorea and involuntary movements to behavioral changes.
What is Huntington's disease?
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke can lead to this type of cellular adaptation in the respiratory epithelium.
What is squamous metaplasia?
Three pathological conditions must converge for venous thrombus formation: damage to the vessel wall, sluggish blood flow, and a blood that clots too eagerly.
Virchow's triad
A patient has a productive cough with purulent sputum for 10 days following a cold. Chest X-ray is unremarkable — no infiltrates, no consolidation. The inflammation is limited to the bronchial tree, not the alveoli. This is the respiratory infection that gets misdiagnosed as pneumonia until the chest film comes back clean and the attending says "told you so."
What is acute bronchitis?
This type of hypersensitivity can be caused by a blood transfusion reaction and involves red blood cell destruction by antibodies.
What is Type II: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?
This common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is a bacterial infection.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
This genetic disorder leads to the production of abnormally shaped red blood cells.
What is sickle cell anemia?
Histamine is primarily released by these cells during an inflammatory response.
What are mast cells?
This abnormal cell growth found in chronic ulcerative colitis may suggest a potential for malignancy.
What is dysplasia?
A right-sided heart failure patient's liver is enlarged and tender on palpation. Venous blood that should be moving forward through the right heart is backing up into the hepatic veins, engorging the liver with blood.
What is hepatomegaly (hepatic congestion)?
long-term smoker has a barrel chest, pursed-lip breathing, and prolonged expiration. The underlying pathology is permanent destruction of alveolar septa, which increases dead space and reduces surface area for gas exchange. The air goes in. It just doesn't want to come back out. The lungs have become roach motels.
What is emphysema?
These cells release pyrogens, which are primarily responsible for inducing fever.
What are pyrogens?
This chronic lung condition is characterized by the loss of elastic recoil in lung tissue.
What is emphysema?
Important treatments for this genetic disorder include chest physiotherapy and bronchodilators.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Treatment of a wound covered by 100% eschar typically involves this to promote tissue repair.
What is debridement?
This bacterial strain is found in the acronyms MRSA and VRSA.
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
During an MI, the area immediately surrounding the zone of infarction is still viable but ischemic and electrically unstable. This border zone is where lethal dysrhythmias originate in the first 24–48 hours post-MI
What is the ischemic penumbra
A patient's chest pain now occurs at rest, lasts longer than 20 minutes, and no longer responds to nitroglycerin. Last month the same pain only happened when climbing stairs.
What is unstable angina?
The most common cause of this blood disorder worldwide is iron deficiency.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
A characteristic feature of this respiratory disease is reversible airflow obstruction.
What is asthma?
This fatal genetic disorder causes relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities from infancy.
What is Tay-Sachs disease?
This process involves the separation of wound layers due to compromised surgical incision closure.
What is wound dehiscence?
This term describes the subjective feelings a patient may report.
What is "symptom"
An IV drug user presents with fever, new-onset heart murmur, splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails, and Janeway lesions on the palms. Blood cultures are positive. Bacteria colonized the valve, formed vegetations, and now embolic fragments are touring the systemic circulation like a terrible road band hitting every organ venue.
What is infective endocarditis?
On auscultation, the absence of breath sounds in the right thorax suggests this condition.
What is a pneumothorax?
This test, often scheduled for clients with angina pectoris, evaluates coronary artery function during physical exertion.
What is an exercise stress test?
This diagnostic test confirms Down Syndrome by analyzing chromosomal patterns.
What is karyotyping?
This stage of wound healing is the first stage and involves clot formation and controlling bleeding.
What is hemostasis?
Increased muscle tone and spasms following a puncture wound suggest infection by this bacterium.
Clostridium tetani?
Following an MI, this serum biomarker begins rising within 3–6 hours, peaks at 12–24 hours, and remains detectable for 7–10 days. Its prolonged elevation window makes it both diagnostically useful and a lingering receipt of cardiac damage; the body's way of saying "yes, that really happened."
What is cardiac troponin?