Respiratory
Caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
S/S: nasal congestion, sore throat, headache, slight fever, cough
What is rhinitis
Caused by multiple bacteria
Inflammation and purulent exudate in alveoli often arising from prior pooled secretions or irritation
S/S: productive cough with yellow-green sputum
What is bronchopneumonia
destruction of the alveolar walls and septae, which leads to large, permanently inflated alveolar air spaces
Can be caused by smoking or genetic deficiency
S/S: dyspnea, clubbed fingers, hyperventilation with prolonged expiration
What is emphysema
progressive degenerative disease affecting both upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord
What is ALS
dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system occurs because of progressive degenerative changes in the basal nuclei, principally in the substantia nigra
What is Parkinson's Disease
Mycobacterium first enter the lungs, are engulfed by macrophages, and cause a local inflammatory reaction, on the upper lobe of the lung
Form a granuloma in the lungs at the site on inflammation
Asymptomatic
What is primary or latent tuberculosis
inherited disorder in which there is a defect in the exocrine glands causing abnormally thick secretions
What is cystic fibrosis
*Bonus what are complications?
What causes an asthma attack
What is type I hypersensitivity reaction to an inhaled antigen or stimulus such as infections, cold, exercise, aspirin, stress, and smoke
*Bonus what are signs and symptoms
the main S/S of parkinsons
What is pill rolling, masklike expressions, shuffling or propulsive gait, stooped posture, tremors
patho of MS
What is demyelination of nerves
collapse of a lung or part of a lung leading to decreased gas exchange and hypoxia
What is atelectasis
Causes of pulmonary edema
What is left-sided congestive heart failure, hypoproteinemia, tumors, pulmonary hypertension
Patho of asthma
What is
Inflammation of the mucosa with edema
Contraction of smooth muscle (bronchoconstriction)
Increased secretion of thick mucus in the passages
characterized by blurred vision, weak legs, difficulty moving, double vision, scotoma, dysarthria
What is MS
caused by partial occlusion of artery
S/S?
TIA
depends on affected area
Inflammation of alveolar wall and leakage of cells, fibrin, and fluid into alveoli causing consolidation
Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
S/S: rusty sputum, rales
What is Lobar Pneumonia
Caused by Mycoplasma
Necrosis of bronchial epithelium
S/S: aching muscles, nonproductive hacking cough
What is primary atypical pneumonia
Chronic inflammation and irritation to the lungs that lead to fibrosis and thickening of bronchial wall
S/S: productive cough, cyanosis, short of breath
What is chronic bronchitis
excessive reflex response
What is Hyperreflexia
give me an example of how this presents
what disease is this common in
Broca vs Wernicke
Broca: spoken and written word- actually doing it
Wernickes: understanding it when someone else is speaking or writing
active infection of mycobacterium
S/S: hemoptysis, malaise, weight loss, night sweats, low-grade fever
What is secondary tuberculosis
irreversible abnormal dilation or widening, primarily of the medium-sized bronchi
secondary problem to COPD or cystic fibrosis
What is bronchiectasis
Describe how atelectasis affects ventilation and perfusion
The alveoli become airless and shrivel up because air is not moving in and out of the affected lung. If the lungs are not reinflated, the lung tissue becomes necrotic due to a lack of oxygen to the tissue
brain tissue is altered by malformation, mechanical trauma, hypoxia , etc; causes altered mobility
What is ICP
destruction of brain tissue from lack of blood flow
CVA
what are the causes?