Perfusion Problems
Inadequate delivery of blood, and consequently oxygen and nutrients, to body tissues, often the result of a decrease in cardiac output, may lead to shock
Hypoperfusion
Defined as hypoxia at the cellular level and classified according to primary cause
Types of Shock
Biological process that helps the body defend against infection, injury, and other harmful stimuli
Inflammatory Response
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are examples of this
catecholamines
You shake my nerves and you rattle my brain, too much love drives a man insane. You broke my will, but what a thrill.
Jerry Lee Lewis
Great Balls Of Fire
Pressure-sensitive nerve endings found in heart and great vessels
Keep blood pressure and cardiac output within normal range
Baroreceptors
Most cellular metabolism is _______ metabolism
aerobic
Type of white blood cell found in connective tissues throughout the body, playing a crucial role in the immune system and allergic reactions
Mast cells
Often referred to as the "stress hormone"
Cortisol
Are you happy, are you satisfied?
How long can you stand the heat?
Out of the doorway, the bullets rip
To the sound of the beat, look out
Another One Bites the Dust
Queen
Homeostatic mechanism that regulates ventilation (breathing) and cardiovascular function in response to changes in blood gas levels (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH)
Chemoreceptors
This occurs when metabolic need for energy exceeds oxygen supply
Anaerobic metabolism
The process of white blood cells moving from the blood vessels into the tissue is called what?
extravasation
_________ Constricts while _______ dilates
Alpha
Beta
Just a small town girl
Livin' in a lonely world
She took the midnight train going anywhere
Don't Stop Believin'
Journey
A cells “self-destruct button” that release enzymes, which begin to digest the cell
Lysosomes
The only source of fuel that can be used anaerobically under cellular hypoxia
Glucose
Process where these cells engulf and remove pathogens and cellular debris
Phagocytosis
Primarily found in the heart, where they increase heart rate and contractility
β1-ARs (beta 1- alpha receptors)
"Hello darkness, my old friend"
Simon & Garfunkel, "The Sound of Silence"
Refers to the wasting away or decrease in size of an organ or tissue, often due to disuse or a lack of proper nourishment
Atrophy
A serious condition where two or more organ systems fail, often in response to a life-threatening illness or injury
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
Persistent acute inflammatory response that continues due to an ongoing immune response that may be caused by bacterial contamination by foreign body (splinter), persistent infection, or continued exposure to antigen, usually lasts 2 weeks or longer
chronic inflammation
Regulates how the body uses glucose, regulates the immune system and inflammation, helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle
Cortisol
The city's cold and empty (oh)
No one's around to judge me (oh)
I can't see clearly when you're gone
Blinding Lights by the weeknd