Venous Disorders
What is one major risk factor for forming venous stasis?
A. High blood pressure
B. Having a physically demanding job
C. Standing/sitting for long periods of time
D. Atherosclerosis
C.
Anything that inhibits the flow of blood upwards through the deep veins of the legs like standing/sitting for long periods of time, bed rest, obesity, pregnancy, and sedentary lifestyle.
What is the normal range for the pH of the blood?
A. 7.25-7.35
B. 7.45-7.55
C. 7.35-7.45
D. 7.40-7.50
C.
Any pH <7.35 is known as the condition called acidosis. Any pH >7.45 is known as the condition called alkalosis.
A patient of yours that was getting treated for a DVT suddenly complains of sharp chest pain, difficulty breathing, and severe anxiety. They are pale, tachypneic, tachycardic, and their SpO2 went from 96% to 82%. What is most likely going on with this patient?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pneumothorax
D. Angina pectoris
A.
The biggest problem that can arise when someone has a DVT is the clot dislodging and traveling to the heart where it ends up in the pulmonary circulation, becoming a pulmonary embolism.
What is the normal blood value for LDL?
A. <200 mg/dL
B. <150 mg/dL
C. <100 mg/dL
D. <130 mg/dL
D.
Normal blood triglycerides should be <150 mg/dL and total cholesterol should be <200 mg/dL
What are varicose veins?
A. Abnormally large deep veins of the body
B. Abnormally dilated and insufficient superficial veins
C. Veins that are smaller in diameter than what is normal
D. Veins that have completely lost their valves due to damage
B.
They are abnormally dilated, superficial veins that are caused by insufficient valves.
Which blood vessel carries blood into the left atrium of the heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Inferior and superior vena cava
D. Aorta
B.
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium to be then pumped into the left ventricle to be then pumped to the body.
You are a nurse on a med/surg unit and you receive report on a patient that is 1 day post-op from a total knee replacement. What are some ways to help prevent the formation of a DVT in this patient?
A. Use of pneumonic compression devices
B. Limit ambulating to once a day
C. Give scheduled anticoagulant medications on a regular basis
D. Elevate their legs on a pillow periodically throughout the day
E. Leave the patients legs in a dependent position while they sleep
A, C, D
Contraction of skeletal muscle helps with venous return, especially in the deep veins of the legs. This is why ambulation, compression devices, etc. are used to prevent DVTs in patients who are recovering from surgery.
Which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply.
A. Pleural effusion
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D. Pneumothorax
E. Pulmonary edema
B and C
Obstructive diseases make it difficult for air to get through the airways while restrictive disease make it hard for the lungs to fully expand.
What are some s/s of chronic venous insufficiency and how is it usually treated?
S/s:
Poor wound healing, edema, pain, and a dusky discoloration on the ankle, foot, or leg
It is usually treated through elevation of the legs periodically throughout the day, exercise, anticoagulation medication, and the use of compression devices/stockings.
Name some differences between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and chronic venous insufficiency in terms of s/s, ulcer characteristics, treatments, etc.
PAD is when the arteries of the periphery, especially of the legs, are insufficient/have atherosclerotic changes. S/s include: pallor, weak pulses, sharp pain with activity (intermittent claudication), parathesia, and cool extremities. Ulcers tend to be more regular in shape, have low levels of drainage, and are deep. Treatments/management include surgery (bypass grafts, stents), exercise, and periodically putting the legs in a dependent position.
Chronic venous insufficiency is caused by the valves of deep veins being insufficient, causing venous stasis. S/s include: edema, swelling, and pain. Ulcers tend to be large, irregular in shape, superficial, and have a lot of drainage. Treatments include the use of compression devices/stockings, anticoagluation medication, exercise, and periodically elevating the legs throughout the day.
Chronic venous insufficiency is caused by the veins of the periphery to be insufficent causing venous sta