Basic Virus Facts
Who is Louis Pasteur?
True or False, Viruses are considered living.
False, viruses are considered nonliving since thay do not meet the required characteristics of life (no independent metabolism, no development, no cell)
True or false, Viruses can have DNA and RNA.
False, Viruses only have one type of nucleic acids.
This stage of the lytic cycle involves the break-up of the host cell and the liberation of new numerous virions.
What is 'Release'?
Retroviruses have this special enzyme that enable the virus to copy their viral RNA into DNA that can be integrated into the host cell's DNA so viral components can be replicated
What is reverse transcriptase (a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase)?
Viruses can only replicate in and infect certain organism(s) due to the molecules on a virus' surface which impart the ability to attach to a limited number of host cells, which we describe by the term viral specificity or 'host _________'.
What is host specific?
If the virus lacks an envelope, we refer to the virus as _____?
What is naked?
All viruses contain these two components, one external shell and one internal core known as...
What are 1) a protein capsid and 2) a nucleic acid?
This stage of the lytic cycle involves the virus hijacking the cellular components of its host cell to create new viral components at the expense of the cell's own metabolic needs.
What is 'Viral Component Replication' or 'Viral Component Synthesis'?
A fully formed infectious agent able to create infection in a host cell is referred to by this term.
What is a virion?
This type of microscope is needed to view viruses.
What is the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)?
The approximate range of virus sizes in diameter, which prevent the ability to filter most viruses out of fluids.
What is 20 nm to 450 nm?
This is the primary function of the viral capsid.
What is protecting the viral nucleic acids?
This stage of the lytic cycle involves entry of the viral nucleic acids by various means such as injection or fusing with the host cell's plasma membrane.
What is 'Penetration'?
The name of viruses with bacteria hosts.
What are bacteriophages?
Instead of a lifecycle with reproduction, viruses undergo a ______ process where more viruses are produced by the host cell's machinery.
What is a replication process?
True of False, Viruses can only be double stranded DNA or single stranded RNA?
False, Viruses can only be double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA?
The individual protein components of a capsid are known as ___________?
What are capsomeres?
This stage of the lytic cycle involves utilizing specific receptor sites of the host cell's exterior to anchor to the cell.
What is 'Attachment'?
When a bacteriophage integrated its genetic material into the bacteria's genome, the virus is referred to as a ______?
What is a prophage?
The 3-word term ______ ______ _____ is used to describe viruses since viruses are considered nonliving infectious particles that require a host cell to replicated
What are obligated intracellular parasites?
These three characteristics are used to describe viruses, in descending order of importance.
What are...?
1. Type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
2. Presence of an envelope (Enveloped or Naked)
3. Morphology of the Capsid (EX: helical capsid, polyhedral capsid, spiked capsid, etc.)
This is the primary function of a viral envelope.
What is introducing viral nucleic acids into an animal host cell?
In this type of viral replication, the viral genetic material is integrated into the host cell's DNA and is replicated by normal cellular division of the host's cells before transitioning into the lytic cycle after induction by some chemical stimulus.
What is the lysogenic cycle?
To identify certain viruses, pathologists can examine the degenerative changes in host cells caused by multiplication of the viral population in the host, referred to as the two-word term _______ _______ or CPE?
What is the 'cytopathic effect' or 'cytopathogenic effect'?