Patient Care
Name an example of a nosocomial and an iatrogenic infection
Nosocomial - MRSA, Flu, pink eye, common cold
Iatrogenic - ulcer, sore, blister, pinched nerve
Extended form of PROM and AROM and explain or demonstrate the difference.
The 4 major types of contracture management.
What is passive stretching, serial casting, botox, and orthoses?
Explain hypertonicity, hypotonicity, spasticity, clonus, contracture.
What is hypertonicity, increased resistance to passive stretch in a muscle. Hypotonicity, muscle tone lower than normal. Spasticity, velocity dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch. Clonus, muscle beats resulting from fast velocity passive stretch of muscle. Contracture, tightened soft tissue resulting in decreased range of motion of a joint.
Functions not affected by SMA and voluntary muscles that are affected.
What sensory, mental, and emotional function (not affected), spinal muscles and those closest to the body ( most affected)
What order do you apply and remove PPE?
Applying - Wash hands, gown, respiratory (if needed), eye protection, gloves.
Removal - gloves off, glasses, mask (respiratory) gown, wash hands.
The four body systems that provide us with clues as practitioners during patient assessment.
What are vascular system, integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, and the nervous system?
The 4 causes of burns.
What is thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation?
The most common form of muscular dystrophy.
What is Duchenne?
Orthotic intervention goals, list 2.
What is mainly scoliosis bracing (be careful of respiratory compromise), maintain ROM and prolong mobility, allow activity as long as possible, with therapy; use the muscles they have but not until they are tired
What are the 3 transmission-based precautions and what PPE is needed?
contact - gloves, gown
droplet - mask, eye protection
airborne - dust mask, gloves
The rib cage is palpated by ?
The fib head is palpated by ?
The intercostal areas are palpated by ?
The talar head is palpated by ?
what is the flat palm of hand?
what is the distal palmar surface of digits 2-4
what is the lateral aspect of digit 2
what is the Thumb or index but we were looking for thumb
The type of burn that cannot heal independently.
What is third degree burn?
The three CP types and explain the difference.
What is Spastic, athetoid, ataxic
Collective term for a # of non-progressive brain disorders, or lesions, that develop before, during, or soon after birth.
What is Cerebral Palsy
What are the 5 relationship skills?
Nonverbal skills, empathy, partnership, support, and respect
Dependant, maximal assistance, moderate assistance, minimal assistance, and standby assistance represent what?
Functional mobility or burden of care
Difference between Rule of Nines and Lund-Browder Method?
What is Lund-Browder Method is more accurate and specific % based on age?
Spinal muscular atrophy controls this movement
What is voluntary?
List 2 possible causes for CP
Periventricular leukomalacia - damage to white matter (nerve fibers)
Intercranial hemmorrhage - brain bleeding
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy - lack of oxygen to brain
Cerebral dysgenesis - brain malformation, abnormal brain development
6 steps to educating a patient about their condition.
What is figure out patient ideas about condition, provide basic diagnosis, respond to patient feelings, check patient's knowledge about their condition, provide details of diagnosis, and check patient's understanding of the problem.
One contracture from each posture: prone, side-laying, supine, sitting.
what are ankle plantar flexes, shoulder extensors, adductors, neck rotators - prone
knee flexors, hip flexors, adductors and internal rotators, shoulder extensors, adductors and internal rotators - sitting
ankle plantarflexors, knee flexors, hip and external rotators, shoulder extensors, adductors and internal rotators - supine
knee flexors, hip flexors, adductors and internal rotators, shoulder adductors, and internal rotators - side laying
Process of immobilization and mobilization.
What is immobilization following skin graft to prevent unwanted movement and shearing? What is mobilization to prevent scar and contracture formation following graft healing?
Age range for 4 types of SMA and severity of each.
What are Type 1 - under 6 months, most severe, usually aren’t able to sit up unassisted,
Type 2 - onset 7-18 months, will sit independently, but not walk independently
Type 3 - after 18 months, can stand and walk independently may require aids
Type 4 - onset in adult hood, able to walk during adult years
The three Spina Bifida types and which one will O&P professionals see the most.
What is occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele?
Myelomenigocele will be seen the most