Acute Inflammation
This chemical mediator is responsible for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability early in inflammation.
histamine
This condition is characterized by reversible, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia triggered by fasting or stress.
Gilbert’s syndrome
This autoimmune disease, often affecting the lungs and lymph nodes, produces non-caseating granulomas.
sarcoidosis
This type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain after a stroke.
liquefactive necrosis
This is the most important prognostic factor in cancer staging.
metastasis
This phase of leukocyte extravasation follows rolling and precedes transmigration.
adhesion
Phototherapy treats neonatal jaundice by converting bilirubin into this type of molecule.
water-soluble isomer (photoisomerized form)
This granulomatous infection is associated with exposure to cats and presents with regional lymphadenopathy.
Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)
This bacterial genus causes gas gangrene.
Clostridium
This type of tumor is non-invasive and has low mitotic activity.
benign tumor
The fluid that leaks during inflammation and contains proteins like fibrinogen is called this.
This test is prolonged in liver coagulopathy due to reduced clotting factor synthesis.
prothrombin time (PT)
This disease forms granulomas and affects the terminal ileum, often mimicking appendicitis.
Crohn disease
This type of necrosis shows pink, amorphous material in vessel walls and is seen in vasculitis.
fibrinoid necrosis
This environmental carcinogen is linked to mesothelioma and lung cancer.
asbestos
This key cytokine activates endothelium to express E-selectin during inflammation.
TNF-α or IL-1
This virus is especially dangerous in pregnancy and can cause fulminant hepatic failure.
hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Granulomas form around this in cases of foreign body reactions.
non-degradable material (e.g., suture, talc)
Dry gangrene results from this underlying pathologic process.
ischemia (coagulative necrosis)
This tumor suppressor gene halts the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint.
p53
This term describes the inability of an inflamed tissue to function normally.
functio laesa
This neurological finding in hepatic encephalopathy is a flapping tremor of the hands.
asterixis
Name one vasculitis that is associated with granuloma formation.
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) or EGPA (Churg-Strauss)
This type of necrosis typically occurs in pancreatitis due to fat saponification.
fat necrosis
This system is used clinically to assess tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis.
TNM staging system