Intro to path
What are agonal changes?
Changes to the body which happen just before and just after death
T/F
The brain and liver require insulin for the efficient uptake of glucose
False
What is stomatitis?
Inflammation of the oral cavity
Polycystic kidneys is common in which breed of cat and dog?
Persian cats and bull terriers
What is an ulcer?
Full-thickness loss of epidermis and basement membrane, and at least a portion of thedermis with depression of the exposed surface
Why do post mortem changes occur?
Growth of bacteria
Autolysis
What is a secondary endocrinopathy
Lesion is not in the affected organ itself but in the pituitary gland (mostly)
Pedunculated lipomas in the mesentery of horses can cause displacement, how?
It weighs the intestine down
This causes movement when the intestine is moving and displaces it causing devitalised tissue, endotoxaemia and severe colic
Can also cause stenosis (compression and strangulation)
Sheep with toxicity from what substance develop acute tubular necrosis?
Copper
Which animals act as reservoirs for cowpox?
Rodents
Why would you avoid freezing a fresh cadaver?
Ice crystals can form and puncture cells which would disrupt histopathology
Islet amyloidosis is seen in old cats with which lifelong disease?
Diabetes
Megaoesophagus is due to neuromuscular disorder most of the time. What is the main disorder?
Myasthenia gravis
How do the kidneys grossly appear when they have severe amyloidosis ?
Swollen
Waxy, greasy
Pale tan
Cat kidneys look like an orange on the outside
What common infectious agent causes impetigo?
Staphylococcus
What are the 5 different causes/types of inflammation?
Serous
Fibrosing
Necrotising
Haemorrhagic
Suppurative
List 4 causes of hypoparathyroidism
1. Agenesis of hypoparathyroid glands
2. Autoimmune parathyroiditis
3. Surgical excision
4. Tumour infiltration
5. Trauma
6. Vit D intoxication
7. Post natal hypocalcaemia in cattle
What is the pathogenesis of blue tongue?
Aka why do they get a blue tongue?
Infects endothelial cells
Get micro thrombi and ischaemic necrosis in the tongue
What is the technical name for bladder rupture?
Cystorrehexsis
What is the pathogenesis of papilloma viruses?
Virus infects the basal layer of keratinocytes
Causes proliferation of keratinocytes
When performing a post mortem, what are the 4 categories of changes to look out for?
Agonal changes
Euthanasia artefacts
Pathological changes
Histological changes
Horses with equine Cushing’s disease (syndrome) PPID – pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction appear very hairy unlike dogs which get alopecia, why?
Expansile growth of tumour causes compression of neurohypophysis and hypothalamus and impairment of hypothalamic centres ability to regulate cyclic hair growth, appetite and body temperature.
What are the 6 types of inflammation in the small intestine?
1. Catarrhal
2. Fibrinous
3. Fibrino-necrotising
4. Haemorrhagic
5. Granulomatous
6. Lymphoproliferative and eosinophilic
How does chronic renal failure lead to systemic hypertension?
Reduced renal blood flow
Renin release
Angiotensin conversion
Vasoconstriction and sodium and fluid retention
Increased blood pressure
Damage to vessels maybe haemorrhage /oedema/ fibrous tissue formation
Which stain can you use for fungi and arthropods?
PAS