Concepts of Health & Disease
What does the term "disease prevention" mean?
Identifying and reducing risk factors that lead to illness.
What is sarcopenia?
Age-related muscle loss that reduces strength and function.
Define "neurodiversity".
Natural variations in brain function and behavior, not viewed as disorders.
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstruation.
Define "angina pectoris"
Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
Define "sinusitis".
Inflammation of the mucous lining of the sinuses.
Define the term "metastasis"
Spread of cancer cells from the original tumor site to distant body locations
What is the main cause of congenital disorders?
Genetic abnormalities or harmful exposures during pregnancy.
What is the primary cause of osteoporosis in older adults?
Decreased bone density due to hormonal changes, especially reduced estrogen levels post-menopause.
What are two key brain regions involved in autism spectrum disorder?
Amygdala and fusiform face area.
What condition is characterized by uterine tissue growing outside the uterus?
Endometriosis
What condition is caused primarily by long-term hypertension, damaging the heart?
Hypertensive heart disease.
What typically causes acute bronchitis?
Viral respiratory infections.
What are two primary causes of lung cancer?
Cigarette smoking and exposure to radon gas or asbestos.
What does the term "idiopathic" mean in relation to diseases?
A disease with no known cause
Identify two factors that contribute to developing decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) in older adults.
Prolonged immobility and prolonged pressure
Identify the primary neurotransmitter imbalance involved in ADHD.
Dopamine imbalance, usually decreased dopamine levels.
Identify two common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Bacterial STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Identify two factors contributing to atherosclerosis.
High cholesterol and smoking.
Name three hallmark symptoms of pneumonia.
High fever, productive cough, chest pain with breathing.
Identify three common complications of chemotherapy treatment.
Hair loss (alopecia), blood disorders and vomiting.
What signs and symptoms might indicate a systemic disease rather than a localized condition?
Widespread fatigue, fever, weight loss, or general malaise affecting multiple body systems.
What are three signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure in elderly clients?
Swollen ankles, shortness of breath (especially when lying down), fatigue.
List three common symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Excessive worry, muscle tension, insomnia.
List three symptoms that characterize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, excessive body hair (hirsutism).
Peripheral edema, ascites (abdominal swelling), and jugular vein distention are all symptoms of which heart condition?
Right sided congestive heart failure
What causes cystic fibrosis?
A faulty gene causing thick, sticky mucus production in the lungs and digestive tract.
Describe four symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).
Numbness, tingling in extremities, muscle weakness, impaired coordination
What symptoms characterize chronic inflammation versus acute inflammation?
Chronic inflammation shows persistent pain, tissue thickening, and dysfunction, whereas acute inflammation typically presents redness, heat, swelling, and acute pain.
Identify four signs of Alzheimer's disease typically observed in older clients.
Memory loss, confusion, difficulty completing familiar tasks, changes in personality or mood.
Describe three signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder.
Persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, fatigue and low energy.
Name four signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.
High blood pressure, proteinuria, swelling (edema), visual disturbances.
Describe four symptoms indicating a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Severe chest pain, shortness of breath, radiating arm pain, profuse sweating.
Shortness of breath, wheezing and chronic cough with mucus are all symptoms of which COPD?
Chronic Bronchitis
Which cancer treatment can result in dry, red, itchy, peeling skin that often resembles sunburn?
Radiation