Hyperthyroidism
This life-threatening condition is an abrupt, severe form of hyperthyroidism that may be triggered by infection, surgery, stress or stopping antithyroid medication.
Thyroid storm
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypothyroidism?
Primary Hypothyroidism: The thyroid gland itself is damaged and cannot produce enough thyroid hormones. This accounts for over 95% of cases and is most commonly caused by Hashimoto's disease
Secondary Hypothyroidism: The thyroid is capable of working, but the pituitary gland in the brain fails to send the necessary signal (TSH) to stimulate the thyroid.
What type of hyperparathyoidism is this?
Compensatory hypersecretion of PTH, usually in response to chronic renal failure or vitamin D deficiency
Secondary
A 35-year-old woman presents with hyperthyroidism, bilateral exophthalmos and thickened skin over her shins. What is the name of the localized skin manifestation?
pretibial myxoedema
Which disease is associated with anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies?
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Adenoma
What is apathetic hyperthyroidism?
Thyrotoxicosis in older adults whose age and comorbidities mask the typical signs of hyperthyroidism
Name 2 clinical features of congenital hypothyroidism & 2 clinical features of myxoedema
Congenital iodine deficiency: severe intellectual disability, short stature, coarse facial features, protuding tongue, umbilical hernia
Myxoedema: generalised fatigue (apathy, sluggishness), cool pale skin, nonpitting edema, bigger tongue, deeper voice, cold intolerant, frequently overweight
What are 2 clinical features of hypoparathyroidism (include the hallmark of hypocalcemia)?
Tetany - hallmark of hypocalcemia
Mental changes: anxiety, depression, psychosis, hallucinations
Intracranial calcification of basal ganglia
Dental abnormalities
Cardio - prolongation of QT interval