CHF
Blood accumulates here during CHF
What is: behind the filling chamber
This disorder due to the failure of closure of this fetal cardiovascular shunt is one of the most common congenital defects in dogs and cows
What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What is lymphocytic
Increase blood volume causes this category of hypertrophy in cardiac patients
Common causes of left sided heart failure
-Loss of myocardial contractility
-Dysfunction of mitral (bicuspid) or AV valves
-Severe congenital heart disease
This disorder due to failure of normal valvular development has no clinical significance and often regresses w/in a few months of birth (in cattle)
What is valvular hematomas
This endocardial disease is one of the most common causes of CHF in dogs (due to aging and degradation of valvular collagen)
What is Valvular Endocardiosis
"Bread and butter" heart lesions is caused by this acute pericarditis
What is Fibrinous pericarditis
This hypertrophic disease process occurs due to hypoxic conditions with elevation of >7000 feet resulting in pulmonary hypertension
What is high altitude disease or Brisket's disease
Common causes of right sided heart failure
What is:
-Chronic pulmonary hypertension
-Cor Pulmonale
-Left to right shunt
-Cardiomyopathy
-Disease of tricuspid and pulmonary valves
This disorder due to the failure of normal valvular development leads to a secondary compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy b/c of increased work load to push blood through a narrowed region
What is Aortic stenosis
This sublethal injury is caused by anti-retroviral drugs and dose-dependent Doxorubicin
What is Hydropic Vacuolar Degeneration
Uremia induced inflammation causes this endocardial lesion
What is ulcerations
Bilateral dilation of the ventricles occurs due to this disturbance of growth
What is atrophy
Clinical signs seen with left sided heart failure
What is
-Dyspnea due to pulmonary congestion and edema
-Intra-aveolar hemorrhage (see heart failure cells)
-Fluid retention (due to decrease forward perfusion)
These four lesions make up the teratology of the fallot
What is:
-Ventricular septal defect
-Pulmonic stenosis
-Dextraposed Aorta
-Second degree R- ventricular hypertrophy
White muscle disease causes necrosis in this area and chamber of the heart (two answers) in calves
What is myocardial necrosis in the left ventricle
Distension of the pericardial sac containing putrid yellow-to-white pus is often due to this disease and causes this type of inflammation in cattle hearts (Two answers
-Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (Hardware DZ)
-Suppurative pericarditis
This hypertrophic disease process can show clinical signs of chronic cough, recurrent resp distress, airway neutrophilia, etc. in horses and ponies
What is: Chronic Alveolar Emphysema (Heaves)
Clinical signs seen with right sided heart failure
What is
-Nut meg liver (hepatic congestion)
-Congestive splenomegaly
-Jugular venous distension
-Ventral SQ edema (horses), ascites (dogs), hydrothorax (cats) due to severe Na+ and H20 retention
The congenital defect, Persistant Right Aortic Arch, causes this clinical effect (esp in puppies)
What is: Esophageal constriction w/ dysphagia, regurgitation, and mega-esophagus
This mycobacteria causes endocardial fibrosis and mineralization as a result of chronic enteritis in cattle
What is Paratuberculosis (Johne's DZ)
This type of inflammatory response can cause this disease process due to exposure to tuberculosis or fungi (two answers)
What is:
-Cellular response
-Granulomatous pericarditis
Increased wall thickness of the myocardium occurs as new sarcomeres are added in this fashion to existing sarcomeres during this hypertrophic state (two answers)
What is:
-Concentric hypertrophy
-Sarcomeres added in parallel