GENITOURINARY / REPRODUCTIVE MEDS
Treatment and adverse effects of diuretics
HF, pulmonary edema, ICP; fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Difference/similarities between ibuprofen and aspirin.
Ibuprofen= nonsalicylate
Aspirin= salicylate; causes reye's syndrome and used primarily for vascular prevention
Both medications block COX1/COX2 causing increased bleeding and GI issues.
Rheumatoid arthritis medication name and ADR. Name main contraindication.
Traditional DMARD1
bone marrow suppression resulting in immunocompromised individuals; also may cause ulcerative stomatitis and hepatotoxicity.
pregnancy/unprotected sexual activity= teratogenic
Peptic ulcer medication names and mechanisms. Include one ADR for each.
Cimetidine is H2 antagonist to reduce gastric secretions. May cause CNS effects and decreased libido
omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric secretion. May cause osteoporosis
bacteriocidal medications that weaken bacterial cell wall: names, prototypes and ADR
penicillin-amoxicillin; may cause allergies/anaphylaxis
cephalosporins-cephalexin; disulfiram reactions (5th gen- transfer over spinal fluid)
Carbapenems-imipenems; may decrease valproic acid resulting in seizures
vancomycin; may cause flushing syndrome, ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity
Difference between loop, thiazide, and potassium-sparring diuretics.
Loop= furosemide; works in loop of henle to block Cl- channels
Thiazide= hydrochlorothiazide; blocks reabsorption of Na+/Cl-
potassium-sparring= spironolactone; blocks aldosterone preventing excretion of potassium
How does acetaminophen differ from NSAIDs
acetaminophen does not provide anti-inflammatory relief but reduces pain and fever.
SERMS medication name, purpose, and main ADR.
Raloxifene
mimics estrogen to treat osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women
embolic events; DVT
Different laxative categories and their mechanism
Polyethene glycol = osmotic laxative that increases water secretions in intestines
Psyllium= bulk laxative that increases fiber (natural- can be used long term)
Biscondyl= stimulant laxative that increases intestinal motility (ADDICTIVE- short-term use only)
Docusate sodium= stool softener that reduces surface tension
Medications that inhibit protein synthesis in bacterial cells: names, prototypes, and ADR
Tetracyclines; may cause tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, and hepatotoxicity (contraindicated in pregnancy and children under age of 8)
macrolides-erithromycin; may cause QT prolongation
Aminoglycosides- gentamicine; may cause respiratory depression, irreversible ototoxicity, NM blockage, and nephrotoxicity
Anticholingeric medication name, purpose, and one ADR.
oxybutynin
treats urinary incontinence/OAB
anticholingeric effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and increased heart rate)
Gluccocorticoid medication name, purpose, and ADR.
Prednisone
reduce inflammation and pain
Cushings syndrome, adrenal crisis, decrease bone density, hyperglycemia
Bisphosphonate medication name, purpose, and main ADR.
Alendronate
inhibits osteoclasts, preventing further breakdown of bone in osteoporosis patients
May cause esophagitis= patients should remain upright 30 minutes after administration.
Medication that blocks H1 receptors causing anticholinergic effects to reduce nausea.
dimenhydrinate
UTI medication names, moa, and ADR
Fluoroquinolone: inhibits DNA synthesis; may cause tendon rupture
Trimethoprim/sulfonamides: inhibits folate synthesis; may cause SJS (rash) and hemolytic anemia
Nitrofurantoin: bacterialcidal and bacteriostatic; May cause SJS and peripheral neuropathy (brown urine)
Cholinergic medication name, purpose, and ADR.
bethanechol
treats urinary retention, stimulating PNS
cholinergic effects (pupil constriction, increased secretions, stimulation of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and a decrease in heart rate)
Difference between opioid agonist and opioid antagonist.
Morphine binds to mu receptors to cause pain relief, but may cause severe sedation, respiratory depression, and constipation
Naloxone blocks opioid receptors causing reversal of opioid overdoses, which can elevate pain levels.
Calcitonin-salmon administration, purpose and ADR
Nasal spray
inhibits osteoclasts
nasal irritation and hypocalcemia
Prokinetic drug that reduces nausea name, mechanism and main ADR.
metoclopramide
dopamine antagonist
tardive dyskinesia
Most dangerous antifungal medication name, moa, and ADR
amphotericin B; binds to ergosterols for cell death
may cause bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, hypoxia, infusion rate reaction, and delirium
Alpha-1 blocker medication name, purpose, and ADR.
Tamsulosin
Blocks alpha-1 receptors resulting in relaxation of bladder and prostate to treat BPH/urinary retention
May cause dizziness
antihyperuremic medication name, purpose, and ADR. Provide special education for this medication.
allopurinol
treats gout by binding to XO enzyme preventing formation of uric acid
may cause hypersensitivity, bone marrow suppression, and GI issues
Drink 3L of water
Purpose of iron, folic acid, and B12
iron increase production of RBC to treat anemia
folic acid promotes DNA synthesis- advised in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects (needs B12 supplementation)
B12 converts folic acid into active form to treat pernicious anemia
IBD medication purpose and ADR
reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune response through several mechanisms, primarily by its active metabolite, 5-aminosalicylic acid
May cause photosensitivity, joint pain, and infections
Antiparasitic medication that is contraindicated with alcohol use.
metronidazole