Pharm Fundamentals
This common breakfast beverage inhibits CYP3A4, leading to drug toxicity for statins and CCBs.
What is Grapefruit Juice?
The mnemonic MONA used for treating an MI stands for these four interventions.
What are Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin?
A patient having a panic attack is hyperventilating, likely putting them in this acid-base imbalance.
What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that blocks Na+ reabsorption, often leading to this electrolyte imbalance.
What is Hypokalemia?
Stimulation of the Muscarinic receptors causes "Rest and Digest" effects, also known as this nervous system division.
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein; if a patient has low albumin (e.g., liver disease), they risk this outcome regarding "free" drugs.
What is Toxicity (or higher levels of active drug)?
Seeing yellow or green halos is a classic sign of toxicity for this cardiac glycoside.
What is Digoxin?
This lab value is used to monitor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, with a goal range typically between 2 and 3.
What is PT/INR?
A diagnosis of AIDS is confirmed when the CD4+ count drops below this number.
What is 200?
This non-selective Beta Blocker should be avoided in patients with Asthma or COPD due to the risk of bronchoconstriction.
What is Propranolol?
When taking the TB drug Rifampin, a patient should be warned about this harmless but alarming side effect.
What are Orange fluids (urine/tears)
This drug is given as a rapid IV push to treat SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia).
What is Adenosine?
The three components of Virchow’s Triad, which predict the risk for thrombus.
What are Endothelial Injury, Stasis, and Hypercoagulability?
Anaphylaxis is this Type of Hypersensitivity reaction, mediated by IgE.
What is Type I?
The mnemonic SLUDGE (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, GI cramps, Emesis) describes this type of crisis.
What is a Cholinergic Crisis?
This reaction, characterized by flushing and hypotension, occurs if Vancomycin is infused too rapidly.
What is Red Man Syndrome?
In right-sided heart failure, you would expect to see these systemic symptoms (Name 2).
What are JVD, Edema, or Hepatomegaly?
In a Tension Pneumothorax, the trachea will deviate in this direction.
What is Away from the affected side?
To treat severe Hyperkalemia (>5.0), this combination is given IV to drive K+ back into the cells.
What is Insulin and Dextrose?
This is the specific antidote for an Anticholinergic Crisis (Mad as a hatter, Dry as a bone).
What is Physostigmine?
The specific antidote administered for Acetaminophen (Tylenol) liver toxicity.
What is Acetylcysteine?
While ACE Inhibitors can cause a dry cough, this life-threatening swelling of the face/airway is a more severe adverse effect.
What is Angioedema?
A patient with COPD who is a "Blue Bloater" is suffering from this specific condition.
What is Chronic Bronchitis?
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) causes severe blistering and is often caused by these three drug classes.
What are Antibiotics, Allopurinol, and NSAIDs?
Occurring 7–14 days post-chemo, this is the point where blood cell counts are at their lowest.
What is the Nadir?