Neuro
A patient develops sudden weakness on one side, slurred speech, and confusion. CT shows an area of cerebral ischemia.
Focus: Types of Stroke
What is an ischemic stroke?
A patient’s ABG shows hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The nurse suspects a mismatch where parts of the lung are perfused but not ventilated, such as in pneumonia.
Focus: Ventilation and Perfusion
What is a low V/Q ratio?
A 16-year-old girl experiences wheezing after soccer practice and at night. Her peak flow is 55% predicted.
Focus: Obstructive Respiratory Disorders
What is asthma?
A nurse explains that the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in one heartbeat is called
What is stroke volume (SV)
A patient’s blood pressure is 150/90. The nurse knows this condition increases risk for LV hypertrophy and stroke.
What is hypertension?
A nurse observes a client who is has deep reduced alertness, arousable with stimulation, follows simple commands, and responds appropriately to pain.
Focus: Level of Consciousness
What is obtundation?
A 76-year-old with COPD becomes confused and restless. ABG shows high CO₂ and low pH.
Focus: Respiratory Disorders
What is respiratory acidosis?
A 62-year-old smoker reports chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea. He has a barrel chest and pursed-lip breathing.
Focus: Obstructive Respiratory Disorders
What is emphysema related to COPD?
A patient has a regular rhythm at 50 bpm.
What condition is caused by the chronic, progressive condition characterized by the build up of plaques in the arteries.
Focus: Cardiac Disorders.
What is Atherosclerosis?
A 45-year-old man presents with resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability due to degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal ganglia.
Focus: Neuro Disorders
What is Parkinson's Disease?
A patient presents with fever, productive cough, and crackles. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe.
Focus: Respiratory Disorders
What is bacterial pneumonia?
A patient with chronic productive cough for 3 months in two consecutive years has cyanosis and peripheral edema.
Focus: Obstructive Respiratory Disorders
What is chronic bronchitis?
A 70-year-old with hypertension develops dizziness and syncope; ECG shows delayed AV conduction.
Focus: Dysrhythmias
What is an atrioventricular block?
A man with acute coronary syndrome is experiencing unpredictable chest pain that radiates to jaw, neck, shoulder, or back with no elevation of troponin.
What is unstable angina?
A client experiences progressive muscle weakness, ptosis, and difficulty swallowing caused by an autoimmune loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Focus: Neuro Disorders
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
An infant presents with wheezing, rapid breathing, and cyanosis caused by inflammation of the bronchioles from RSV.
Focus: Respiratory Disorder
What is bronchiolitis?
A postoperative patient suddenly develops pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, and tachycardia.
Focus: Obstructive Respiratory Disorders
What is pulmonary embolism?
According to the Frank-Starling law, what happens to contractility when the heart is overstretched from excessive preload?
What is decreased contractility?
A patient with sudden severe substernal pain radiating to the left arm and jaw has ST elevation and elevated troponin.
What is STEMI?
A nurse is caring for a patient with increased intracranial pressure. The nurse notes hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations.
Focus: S/S of Increased ICP
What is Cushing's Triad?
A patient with a positive TB test reports night sweats, hemoptysis, and weight loss.
What is Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
A patient with long-standing COPD develops peripheral edema, cyanosis, and jugular venous distention (venous congestion).
Focus: Obstructive Respiratory Disorders
What is cor pulmonale?
A patient suddenly collapses, becomes pulseless, and the cardiac monitor shows a chaotic, irregular waveform with no identifiable P waves or QRS complexes.
Focus: Cardiac Dysrhythmias
What is ventricular fibrillation?
Which type of heart failure causes peripheral edema, ascites, JVD?
What is right heart failure?