INTRODUCTION
The clinical course of a disease that is short-term and resolves within three months is described as
Acute
Threshold
What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes?
To inhibit cell division
Pulsatile, throbbing, aggregated by activity and common symptom is Nausea & Vomitting is what type of headache?
Migraine
What is the hematocrit and hemoglobin level for Female and Male
Hemoglobin
F: 12 - 15. M: 13 - 17
Hematocrit
F: 38% - 46% M: 42 - 54%
Study of diseases when the body is functioning abnormally is called
Pathophysiology
The body's energy stores become depleted, leading to damage occurs in what stage of the GAS system?
Exhaustation Stage
A 45-year-old patient visits the clinic with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, and a persistent cough. A biopsy reveals malignant cells with high levels of anaplasia.
1.What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient based on the biopsy findings?
2. What staging would most likely be applied if metastasis is detected?
1. Answer: Cancer
2. Answer: Stage III or IV
This leukemia type primarily affects older adults and involves the overproduction of mature but dysfunctional lymphocytes.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
The normal range for platelet count.
The normal range for White Blood Count
150,000-400,000
5,000 - 10,000
The time between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms is called the __________ period.
Latent
__________ is a calming and anaglesic neurohormonal mediatior
Oxytocin
What are the early warning for Cancer?
C - change in bowel or bladder
A - A sore that doesn't heal
U - Unsual bleeding, discharge
T - Thickening lump
I - Indigestion, difficulty swallowing
O - Obvious change in mole
N- Nagging Cough or hoarsness
Excessive B-antibodies are being made and accumulate in the kidney and first sign is kidney function failure is what type of WBC disorders
Multiple Myeloma or Plasma Cell Myeloma
A deficiency in these two vitamins leads to impaired DNA synthesis and megaloblastic anemia.
folate and vitamin B12
The __________ phase of carcinogenesis involves irreversible genetic mutations.
Intiation
Increase Myocardial contractility and cardiac output are the role of __________ during __________ response
Catecholomines, stress
Match the Following
1. A gene that, when mutated, promotes uncontrolled cell division.
2. A syndrome of weight loss and muscle wasting despite adequate nutritional intake.
3. The spread of cancer cells to distant sites in the body.
4. A gene that normally prevents excessive cell growth.
1. Proto-oncogene
2. Cachexia
3. Metastisis
4. Tumor Supressor gene
This viral infection is linked to an increased risk of developing lymphoma.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or HIV virus
This type of anemia occurs due to normal total red cell mass but increased plasma volume.
Relative anemia
Match the following
1. A condition caused by medical treatment or intervention.
2. Early signs or symptoms that indicate the onset of a disease.
3. A condition that occurs as a result of a previous disease or injury.
4. The sequence of events in the development of a disease.
1. Iatrogenic
2. Prodrome
3. Sequela
4. Pathogenesis
Aldosterone is released by the __________ in response to stress.
Adrenal cortex
Match the following
1. The formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors.
2. The process by which normal cells become cancerous.
3. The loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive cell type.
4. Abnormal growth of tissue, which may or may not be cancerous.
1. Angiogenesis
2. Carcinogenesis
3. Anaplasia
4. Neoplasia
This specific count must be monitored in leukemia patients to assess infection risk, with values below 500 indicating a critical risk.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?
The process in which immature neutrophils (bands) are released in response to severe infection. Also increases the risk of infections
Left Shift